Unlawful Organizations Act, 1960
Unlawful Organizations Act, 1960 | |
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Parliament of South Africa | |
Long title
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Citation | Act No. 34 of 1960 |
Enacted by | Parliament of South Africa |
Royal assent | 7 April 1960 |
Commenced | 7 April 1960 |
Repealed | 2 July 1982 |
Administered by | Minister of Justice |
Repealed by | |
Internal Security Act, 1982 | |
Related legislation | |
Suppression of Communism Act, 1950 | |
Status: Repealed |
The Unlawful Organizations Act No 34 of 1960 (commenced 7 April 1960) allowed the apartheid government of South Africa to declare unlawful any organizations deemed to threaten public order or the safety of the public. This legislation was enacted within a few weeks of 1960's Sharpeville Massacre. The African National Congress (ANC) and Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) were immediately declared unlawful. Nelson Mandela recorded in his autobiography, "We were now, all of us, outlaws".[1] The Indemnity Act that followed legislatively indemnified supporters of the apartheid regime from any wrongdoing connected to the massacre.
Content of the Act
The following is a brief description of the sections of the Unlawful Organizations Act:[2]
- Section 1
Defined that the Pan Africanist Congress and the ANC could be declared an unlawful organisation by the Governor-general, without giving them notice, via a proclamation in the Government Gazette. Defined that any other organisation deemed unlawful organisation by the Governor-general could be banned. Defined that the banning was for twelve months and could extended after that time-period for another twelve months. Defined that the Governor-general could unban an organisation via the Government Gazette.
- Section 2
Defines the use of certain sections of Suppression of Communism Act, 1950 to apply to organisations proclaimed as unlawful.
- Section 3
Defined that any organisation that was proclaimed as being banned, that proclamation would be reported to parliament within fourteen days or with fourteen days of parliaments recommencement.
- Section 4
Defined that section 15 of the Riotous Assemblies Act, 1956, substituted the word "liable" with "“to the penalties prescribed in section two of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1953 (Act No. 8 of 1953)” and that is applied from 28 March 1960.
- Section 5
Defined that the Act applied in South-West Africa.
- Section 6
Defined the name of the Act.
Repeal
The Unlawful Organizations Act was repealed by section 73 of the Internal Security Act, 1982. However, the Internal Security Act contained similar provisions allowing the government to ban organizations. The bans on the ANC, the PAC and other anti-apartheid groups were lifted in 1990 at the start of the negotiations to end apartheid. The Internal Security Act's provisions for banning organizations were finally repealed by the Security Matters Rationalisation Act in 1996.
References
External links
- The full text of Unlawful Organizations Act, 1960 at Wikisource
- Unlawful Organisations Act
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(before 1948)
- Hut tax (1884)
- Franchise and Ballot Act (1892)
- Glen Grey Act (1894)
- Natal Legislative Assembly Bill (1894)
- Transvaal Asiatic Registration Act (1906)
- South Africa Act (1909)
- Mines and Works Act (1911)
- Natives Land Act (1913)
- Natives (Urban Areas) Act (1923)
- Immorality Act (1927)
- Native Administration Act (1927)
- Representation of Natives Act (1936)
- Native Trust and Land Act (1936)
- Native (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act (1945)
- Asiatic Land Tenure Act (1946)
Verwoerd
(1948–1966)
- Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)
- Immorality Amendment Act (1950)
- Population Registration Act (1950)
- Group Areas Act (1950)
- Suppression of Communism Act (1950)
- Native Building Workers Act (1951)
- Separate Representation of Voters Act (1951)
- Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act (1951)
- Bantu Authorities Act (1951)
- Native Laws Amendment Act (1952)
- Pass Laws Act (1952)
- Public Safety Act (1953)
- Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act (1953)
- Bantu Education Act (1953)
- Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)
- Natives Resettlement Act (1954)
- Group Areas Development Act (1955)
- Riotous Assemblies Act (1956)
- Industrial Conciliation Act (1956)
- Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act (1956)
- Immorality Act (1957)
- Bantu Investment Corporation Act (1959)
- Extension of University Education Act (1959)
- Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act (1959)
- Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)
- Indemnity Act (1961)
- Coloured Persons Communal Reserves Act (1961)
- Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1961)
- Urban Bantu Councils Act (1961)
- General Law Amendment Act (1963)
- Coloured Persons Representative Council Act (1964)
(1966–1994)
- Terrorism Act (1967)
- Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act (1968)
- Prohibition of Political Interference Act (1968)
- Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act (1970)
- Bantu Homelands Constitution Act (1971)
- Aliens Control Act (1973)
- Indemnity Act (1977)
- National Key Points Act (1980) - List of National Key Points
- Internal Security Act (1982)
- Intimidation Act (1982)
- Black Local Authorities Act (1982)
- Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1983)
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