Ship of Fools (painting)
The Ship of Fools | |
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Artist | Hieronymus Bosch |
Year | c. 1490–1500 |
Medium | Oil on wood |
Dimensions | 58 cm × 33 cm (22.8 in × 13.0 in) |
Location | Louvre, Paris |
Ship of Fools (painted c. 1490–1500) is a painting by the Early Netherlandish artist Hieronymus Bosch, now in the Musée du Louvre, Paris. Camille Benoit donated it in 1918. The Louvre restored it in 2015. The surviving painting is a fragment of a triptych that was cut into several parts. The Ship of Fools was painted on one of the wings of the altarpiece, and is about two-thirds of its original length. The bottom third of the panel belongs to Yale University Art Gallery and is exhibited under the title Allegory of Gluttony. The other wing, which has more or less retained its full length, is the Death and the Miser, now in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. The two panels together would have represented the two extremes of prodigality and miserliness, condemning and caricaturing both. The Wayfarer (Rotterdam) was painted on the right panel rear of the triptych. The central panel, if it existed, is unknown.
Dating/provenance
Dendrochronological study has dated the wood to 1491, and it is tempting to see the painting as a response to Sebastian Brant's Das Narrenschiff or even the illustrations of the first edition of 1493. Another possible source for the ship allegory is the 14th-century Le Pèlerinage de l'Âme by Guillaume de Deguileville, which was printed in Dutch in 1486 (shortly after William Caxton printed it as The Pylgremage of the Sowle in 1483).[1]
A Drawing of the Ship of Fools [nl], also in the Louvre, appears to be a later copy.
Dendrochronological studies[2] by Peter Klein have radically altered the provenance of some paintings, for instance the Escorial Crowning with Thorns panel can only have been painted after 1525 and so is not a Bosch original. The same goes for the Rotterdam Marriage feast at Cana panel which can only have been painted after 1553. It has also become clear that the Rotterdam Pedlar tondo, the Paris Ship of Fools panel and the Washington Death of a Miser panel have been painted on wood from the same tree.
The two to eight years between the felling of the tree and its use as a painting substrate allows The Ship of Fools to be a direct satire of a frontispiece[3] of Sebastian Brant's book.
See also
- List of paintings by Hieronymus Bosch
- The Tricks of Leonardo da Vinci & Hieronymus Bosch. Xavier d'Hérouville & Aurore Caulier. December 2023. HAL Open Science
Notes
- ^ Walter Bosing: Heronymus Bosch Between Heaven and Hell (London 1994) reprinted as Bosch The Complete Paintings (Taschen 1994) pp. 29–30
- ^ "Dendrochronological Analysis of Works by Hieronymus Bosch and His Followers". -Ludion, Rotterdam, 2001. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
- ^ "Stultifera Navis woodcuts". University of Houston. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
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- List of paintings
- Adoration of the Magi (New York, c. 1475)
- Christ Child with a Walking Frame (1480s)
- St. Jerome at Prayer (c. 1482)
- Ecce Homo (Frankfurt, c. 1475–1485)
- Crucifixion with a Donor (c. 1480–1485)
- St. John the Baptist in the Wilderness (c. 1489)
- St. John the Evangelist on Patmos/Scenes from the Passion of Christ (c. 1489)
- Hell (after 1490)
- Cutting the Stone (c. 1494)
- Allegory of Gluttony and Lust (c. 1490–1500)
- Christ Carrying the Cross (Vienna, c. 1490–1500)
- Saint Christopher Carrying the Christ Child (c. 1490–1500)
- Ship of Fools (c. 1490–1500)
- Head of a Woman (c. 1500)
- The Wayfarer (c. 1500)
- The Conjurer (c. 1502; disputed)
- Christ Carrying the Cross (Madrid, c. 1505–1507)
- Christ Crowned with Thorns (London, c. 1510)
- Death and the Miser (c. 1490–1516)
- Flood Panels (c. 1514; attributed)
- The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things (c. 1500; disputed)
- The Temptation of St Anthony (Kansas City, c. 1500–1510)
- The Temptation of St Anthony (Madrid, c. 1505–1525; disputed)
- The Last Judgment (Vienna, c. 1482)
- The Hermit Saints (c. 1493)
- The Crucifixion of Saint Wilgefortis (c. 1497)
- Adoration of the Magi (Madrid, c. 1485–1500)
- Triptych of the Temptation of St. Anthony (c. 1501)
- The Garden of Earthly Delights (c. 1490–1510)
- The Haywain Triptych (c. 1516)
- Fall of the Damned into Hell (before 1490)
- Ascent of the Blessed (c. 1505–1515)
- The Last Judgment (Bruges, c. 1486; with workshop)
- Terrestrial Paradise (c. 1490–1516)
- Adoration of the Magi (Philadelphia, c. 1499)
- Head of a Halberdier (1490s – after 1500)
- The Last Judgment (Munich, c. 1506–1508)
- Paradise and Hell (c. 1510)
- Ecce Homo (Indianapolis, 1510s)
- The Temptation of St Anthony (Utrecht, c. 1525–1530)
- Christ Crowned with Thorns (El Escorial, 1530s)
- Christ Carrying the Cross (Ghent, c. 1510–1535)
- Concert in the Egg (c. 1561)
- Adoration of the Christ Child (c. 1568)
- Death of the Reprobate
- Two Male Heads (c. 1480–1485)
- The Marriage Feast at Cana (after 1550)
- The Owls' Nest (c. 1505–1516)
- Hieronymus Bosch, Touched by the Devil (2015 documentary film)
- Jheronimus Bosch—Visions of Genius (2016 exhibition)