Sh 2-88
Nebula in the constellation Vulpecula
| Diffuse nebula | |
|---|---|
 Sh2-88 Nebula from the Mount Lemmon SkyCenter Schulman Telescope | |
| Observation data: Epoch J2000 epoch | |
| Subtype | Reflection/Emission[2] |
| Right ascension | 19h 45m 59s[1] |
| Declination | 25° 20' 00"[1] |
| Distance | 6,523 ly (2400[3] pc) |
| Apparent dimensions (V) | 47 light years across |
| Constellation | Vulpecula |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Radius | 345 ly |
| Absolute magnitude (V) | -- |
| Designations | LBN 139, The Face of God Nebula |
| See also: Lists of nebulae | |
Sharpless 2-88 or Sh 2-88 is a region including the diffuse nebula Sh 2-88A and the two compact knots Sh 2-88B1 and Sh 2-88B2, all of which are associated with Vulpecula OB1.
Sh 2-88A is an HII-type diffuse nebula excited by the type O8 star BD+25°3952.[4] Both neutral and ionized gases in Sh 2-88 are between 150 and 410 solar masses and the dust mass is about 2 to 9 solar masses. The structure been interacting with a HI interstellar bubble shaped by the stellar winds of BD+25°3952 and the blue O8.5II(f) star BD +25°3866. Overall, its actual structure is located 2.4 kiloparsecs away, at 23 × 15 parsecs in radius. It has a dynamical age of 1.5 million years, and a mass of 1,300 solar masses. It has an rms electron density of 9 cm−3. All separate star forming regions are 1 arcminute in diameter.[5]
Nearby objects
Sharpless 2-88 is the first part of this nebula to have created a star-forming region. It had star formation first start in this large diffuse nebula, which then spread to the other star-forming regions in the nebula. It spread to the compact Sharpless 2-88B1, then to the ultracompact Sharpless 2-88B2.
Sharpless 2-88B1 is a HII region ionized by an O8.5-9.5 V star, and is compact. It is also associated with a nearby star cluster that contains several massive stars.
Sharpless 2-88B2 is a HII region ionized by a star that is dimmer than B0.5 V, and is ultracompact.[6]
References
- ^ a b Rojas, Sebastián García. "Diffuse nebula Sh 2-88 - Diffuse Nebula in Vulpecula Constellation". Telescopius.
- ^ "Ionized Hydrogen Region Photographs | Descriptions | Sh 2-87, Sh 2-88, Vulpecula". Archived from the original on 2016-06-30. Retrieved 2016-05-26.
- ^ "Sh 2-88". galaxymap.org.
- ^ Cappa, C.; Pineault, S.; Arnal, E. M.; Cichowolski, S. (2002). "An H I interstellar bubble linked to the O-type stars BD +24or 3866 and BD +25or 3952" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 395: 955. Bibcode:2002A&A...395..955C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021304. S2CID 122708299.
- ^ "Sh2-88 HaRGB". bill snyder astrophotography.
- ^ "Sh 2-88". galaxymap.org. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
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Sharpless catalog
- Sh 2-1
- Sh 2-2
- Sh 2-3
- Sh 2-4
- Sh 2-5
- Sh 2-6
- Sh 2-7
- Sh 2-8
- Sh 2-9
- Sh 2-10
- Sh 2-11
- Sh 2-12
- Sh 2-13
- Sh 2-14
- Sh 2-15
- Sh 2-16
- Sh 2-17
- Sh 2-18
- Sh 2-19
- Sh 2-20
- Sh 2-21
- Sh 2-22
- Sh 2-23
- Sh 2-24
- Sh 2-25
- Sh 2-26
- Sh 2-27
- Sh 2-28
- Sh 2-29
- Sh 2-30
- Sh 2-31
- Sh 2-32
- Sh 2-33
- Sh 2-34
- Sh 2-35
- Sh 2-36
- Sh 2-37
- Sh 2-38
- Sh 2-39
- Sh 2-40
- Sh 2-41
- Sh 2-42
- Sh 2-43
- Sh 2-44
- Sh 2-45
- Sh 2-46
- Sh 2-47
- Sh 2-48
- Sh 2-49
- Sh 2-50
- Sh 2-51
- Sh 2-52
- Sh 2-53
- Sh 2-54
- Sh 2-55
- Sh 2-56
- Sh 2-57
- Sh 2-58
- Sh 2-59
- Sh 2-60
- Sh 2-61
- Sh 2-62
- Sh 2-63
- Sh 2-64
- Sh 2-65
- Sh 2-66
- Sh 2-67
- Sh 2-68
- Sh 2-69
- Sh 2-70
- Sh 2-71
- Sh 2-72
- Sh 2-73
- Sh 2-74
- Sh 2-75
- Sh 2-76
- Sh 2-77
- Sh 2-78
- Sh 2-79
- Sh 2-80
- Sh 2-81
- Sh 2-82
- Sh 2-83
- Sh 2-84
- Sh 2-85
- Sh 2-86
- Sh 2-87
- Sh 2-88
- Sh 2-89
- Sh 2-90
- Sh 2-91
- Sh 2-92
- Sh 2-93
- Sh 2-94
- Sh 2-95
- Sh 2-96
- Sh 2-97
- Sh 2-98
- Sh 2-99
- Sh 2-100
- Sh 2-101
- Sh 2-102
- Sh 2-103
- Sh 2-104
- Sh 2-105
- Sh 2-106
- Sh 2-107
- Sh 2-108
- Sh 2-109
- Sh 2-110
- Sh 2-111
- Sh 2-112
- Sh 2-113
- Sh 2-114
- Sh 2-115
- Sh 2-116
- Sh 2-117
- Sh 2-118
- Sh 2-119
- Sh 2-120
- Sh 2-121
- Sh 2-122
- Sh 2-123
- Sh 2-124
- Sh 2-125
- Sh 2-126
- Sh 2-127
- Sh 2-128
- Sh 2-129
- Sh 2-130
- Sh 2-131
- Sh 2-132
- Sh 2-133
- Sh 2-134
- Sh 2-135
- Sh 2-136
- Sh 2-137
- Sh 2-138
- Sh 2-139
- Sh 2-140
- Sh 2-141
- Sh 2-142
- Sh 2-143
- Sh 2-144
- Sh 2-145
- Sh 2-146
- Sh 2-147
- Sh 2-148
- Sh 2-149
- Sh 2-150
- Sh 2-151
- Sh 2-152
- Sh 2-153
- Sh 2-154
- Sh 2-155
- Sh 2-156
- Sh 2-157
- Sh 2-158
- Sh 2-159
- Sh 2-160
- Sh 2-161
- Sh 2-162
- Sh 2-163
- Sh 2-164
- Sh 2-165
- Sh 2-166
- Sh 2-167
- Sh 2-168
- Sh 2-169
- Sh 2-170
- Sh 2-171
- Sh 2-172
- Sh 2-173
- Sh 2-174
- Sh 2-175
- Sh 2-176
- Sh 2-177
- Sh 2-178
- Sh 2-179
- Sh 2-180
- Sh 2-181
- Sh 2-182
- Sh 2-183
- Sh 2-184
- Sh 2-185
- Sh 2-186
- Sh 2-187
- Sh 2-188
- Sh 2-189
- Sh 2-190
- Sh 2-191
- Sh 2-192
- Sh 2-193
- Sh 2-194
- Sh 2-195
- Sh 2-196
- Sh 2-197
- Sh 2-198
- Sh 2-199
- Sh 2-201
- Sh 2-202
- Sh 2-203
- Sh 2-204
- Sh 2-205
- Sh 2-206
- Sh 2-207
- Sh 2-208
- Sh 2-209
- Sh 2-210
- Sh 2-211
- Sh 2-212
- Sh 2-213
- Sh 2-214
- Sh 2-215
- Sh 2-216
- Sh 2-217
- Sh 2-218
- Sh 2-219
- Sh 2-220
- Sh 2-221
- Sh 2-222
- Sh 2-223
- Sh 2-224
- Sh 2-225
- Sh 2-226
- Sh 2-227
- Sh 2-228
- Sh 2-229
- Sh 2-230
- Sh 2-231
- Sh 2-232
- Sh 2-233
- Sh 2-234
- Sh 2-235
- Sh 2-236
- Sh 2-237
- Sh 2-238
- Sh 2-239
- Sh 2-240
- Sh 2-241
- Sh 2-242
- Sh 2-243
- Sh 2-244
- Sh 2-245
- Sh 2-246
- Sh 2-247
- Sh 2-248
- Sh 2-249
- Sh 2-250
- Sh 2-251
- Sh 2-252
- Sh 2-253
- Sh 2-254
- Sh 2-255
- Sh 2-256
- Sh 2-257
- Sh 2-258
- Sh 2-259
- Sh 2-260
- Sh 2-261
- Sh 2-262
- Sh 2-263
- Sh 2-264
- Sh 2-265
- Sh 2-266
- Sh 2-267
- Sh 2-268
- Sh 2-269
- Sh 2-270
- Sh 2-271
- Sh 2-272
- Sh 2-273
- Sh 2-274
- Sh 2-275
- Sh 2-276
- Sh 2-277
- Sh 2-278
- Sh 2-279
- Sh 2-280
- Sh 2-281
- Sh 2-282
- Sh 2-283
- Sh 2-284
- Sh 2-285
- Sh 2-286
- Sh 2-287
- Sh 2-288
- Sh 2-289
- Sh 2-290
- Sh 2-291
- Sh 2-292
- Sh 2-293
- Sh 2-294
- Sh 2-295
- Sh 2-296
- Sh 2-297
- Sh 2-298
- Sh 2-299
- Sh 2-301
- Sh 2-302
- Sh 2-303
- Sh 2-304
- Sh 2-305
- Sh 2-306
- Sh 2-307
- Sh 2-308
- Sh 2-309
- Sh 2-310
- Sh 2-311
- Sh 2-312
- Sh 2-313
- See also: Gum catalog
- Nebula
- RCW Catalogue
- Stewart Sharpless
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