Name calling
Name-calling is a form of argument in which insulting or demeaning labels are directed at an individual or group. This phenomenon is studied by a variety of academic disciplines such as anthropology, child psychology, and political science. It is also studied in rhetoric, and a variety of other disciplines.
In politics and public opinion
Politicians sometimes resort to name-calling during political campaigns or public events with the intentions of gaining advantage over, or defending themselves from, an opponent or critic. Often such name-calling takes the form of labelling an opponent as an unreliable and untrustworthy source, such as use of the term "flip-flopper".
Common misconceptions
Gratuitous verbal abuse or "name-calling" is not on its own an example of the abusive argumentum ad hominem logical fallacy.[1][2][3][4][5] The fallacy occurs only if personal attacks are employed to devalue a speaker's argument by attacking the speaker; personal insults in the middle of an otherwise sound argument are not fallacious ad hominem attacks.
References
- ^ "The Ad Hominem Fallacy Fallacy". Plover.net. Archived from the original on 2013-08-14. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
- ^ "Logical Fallacy: Argumentum ad Hominem". Fallacyfiles.org. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
- ^ Ad hominem fallacy, Logical Fallacies, Formal and Informal, Independent Individualist.
- ^ "AdHominem". Drury.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-08-18. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
- ^ "Logical Fallacies» Ad Hominem (Personal Attack)". Logicalfallacies.info. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
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Academics | |
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Activists |
(List)
- William Arthur Gibbs (1877)
- Kelly Yeomans (1997)
- Hamed Nastoh (2000)
- Dawn-Marie Wesley (2000)
- Nicola Ann Raphael (2001)
- Ryan Halligan (2003)
- Megan Meier (2006)
- Sladjana Vidovic (2008)
- Phoebe Prince (2010)
- Tyler Clementi (2010)
- Jamey Rodemeyer (2011)
- Jamie Hubley (2011)
- Kenneth Weishuhn (2012)
- Audrie Pott (2012)
- Amanda Todd (2012)
- Jadin Bell (2013)
- Rehtaeh Parsons (2013)
- Rebecca Sedwick (2013)
- Leelah Alcorn (2014)
- Conrad Roy (2014)
- Tyrone Unsworth (2016)
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