Miri Gold

Miri Gold is the first non-Orthodox rabbi in Israel to have her salary paid by the government.^[1] She was born in Detroit, but in 1977 she immigrated to Kibbutz Gezer along with other North Americans.^[2] When the founder of the kibbutz's congregation (Kehilat Birkat Shalom) left, Gold began leading High Holidays services and preparing children for bat mitzvahs and bar mitzvahs.^[3] Gold entered the Reform movement's Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion in 1994, and was ordained in 1999.^[4] At the time she was paid by the congregation, since the Israeli government did not recognize non-Orthodox rabbis.^[5] Gold petitioned the Israeli Supreme Court in 2005 to change this, and in 2012 a ruling by the Israeli attorney general granted her request.^[6]^[7]

References

^ "Historic Decision in Israel: Rabbi Miri Gold Recognized by State - URJ". Archived from the original on 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
^ Parallelus. "Rabbi Miri Gold". Archived from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
^ "Rabbi Miri Gold, the 'poster girl' of the battle to recognize non-Orthodox rabbis". Haaretz.com. 29 May 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
^ "Rabbi Miri Gold, the 'poster girl' of the battle to recognize non-Orthodox rabbis". Haaretz.com. 29 May 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-05-28. Retrieved 2012-07-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Administrator. "Historic Decision in Israel: Rabbi Miri Gold Recognized by State". Retrieved 29 October 2014.
^ "Non-Orthodox Jews start making inroads in Israel". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 29 October 2014.

Women rabbis and Torah scholars

Timeline of women rabbis

Pre-modern
figures

Bible and Talmud	Deborah (1107–1067 BCE) Bruriah (2nd century)
Medieval and early modern era	Rashi's daughters (11th–12th century) Bat ha-Levi (12th century) Paula Dei Mansi (13th century) Miriam Shapira-Luria (14th century) Fioretta of Modena (1522–1580) Bayla Falk (16th century) Eva Bacharach (1580–1651) Asenath Barzani (1590–1670) Frehat Bat Avraham (d. 1756) Maiden of Ludmir (1805–1888)

Modern figures

Ray Frank (1861–1948)
Lily Montagu (1873–1963)
Regina Jonas (1902–1944)
Tehilla Lichtenstein (1893–1973)
Paula Ackerman (1893–1989)
Martha Neumark (1904–1981)
Avis Clamitz (1908-1991)
Helen Levinthal (1910–1989)
Sally Priesand (b. 1946)
Mimi Feigelson (b. 1963)

First ordination by denomination	Regina Jonas (Reform, 1935) Sandy Sasso (Reconstructionist, 1974) Lynn Gottlieb (Renewal, 1981) Amy Eilberg (Conservative, 1985) Tamara Kolton (Humanistic, 1999) Sara Hurwitz (Orthodox, 2009)