Lists of emperors
This is a list including all rulers who had carried the title of emperor or who ruled over an empire through history.
Emperors of traditional empires
Asia
Empire | Duration | Title(s) | See |
---|---|---|---|
Achaemenid Empire | 550 BC–330 BC | Shahanshah ("King of Kings") | List of Persian monarchs |
Maurya Empire | 322 BC–184 BC | Chakravarti ("ideal universal ruler") Samrat ("proper ruler") | List of Mauryan emperors |
Imperial China | 221 BC–1912 | 皇帝, pronounced Huángdì ("Godly ruler") | List of Chinese emperors |
Chola Empire | 848–1279 | Chakravartigal[1]("ideal universal ruler") | List of Tamil monarchs |
Khmer Empire | 802–1431 | Devarāja ("Godly ruler") | Monarchy of Cambodia |
Vietnam | 544–602 968–1945 | 皇帝, pronounced Hoàng Đế ("Godly ruler") | List of Vietnamese emperors |
Ottoman Empire | 1299–1922 | Padishah ("Master King") | List of Ottoman emperors |
Mongol Empire | 1206–1634 | Khagan ("Great Khan") | List of Mongol rulers |
Mughal Empire | 1526–1857 | Padishah ("Master King") Shahenshah ("King of Kings") | List of Mughal emperors |
Iranian Empire | 1501–1979 | Shahanshah ("King of Kings") | List of Persian monarchs |
Durrani Empire | 1747–1823 | Shah | List of Afghan monarchs |
Japan | 660 BC-Present | 天皇, pronounced Tennō ("Heavenly Sovereign") 皇帝, pronounced Kōtei | List of emperors of Japan |
Korean Empire | 1897–1910 | 皇帝, pronounced Hwangje ("Godly Ruler") | List of monarchs of Korea |
Europe
Empire | Duration | Title(s) | See |
---|---|---|---|
Alexandrian Empire | 331 BC–301 BC | Basileus | Alexander the Great |
Roman Empire | 27 BC–1453 | Augustus Basileus | List of Roman emperors |
Empire of Nicaea | 1204–1261 | Basileus | |
Empire of Trebizond | 1204–1461 | Basileus | List of Trapezuntine emperors |
Empire of Thessalonica | 1224–1242 | Basileus | |
Latin Empire | 1204–1261 | Imperator | Latin Emperor |
Holy Roman Empire | 800–1806 | Imperator | Holy Roman Emperor |
Bulgarian Empire | 893–1018 1185–1396 | Tsar | List of Bulgarian monarchs |
Serbian Empire | 1346–1371 | Tsar | List of Serbian monarchs |
Spanish colonial empire | 1492–1898 | Rey | List of Spanish monarchs |
British colonial empire | 1497–1997 | King | List of British monarchs |
Russian Tsardom | 1547–1721 | Tsar | List of Russian monarchs |
Russian Empire | 1721–1917 | Imperator | |
Austrian Empire | 1804–1918 | Kaiser | List of Austrian monarchs |
German Empire | 1871–1918 | Kaiser | List of German monarchs |
Indian Empire | 1877–1947 | King-Emperor | Emperor of India |
French Empire | 1804–1815 1852–1870 | Empereur | List of French monarchs |
Americas
Empire | Duration | Title | See |
---|---|---|---|
Aztec Empire | 1375–1521 | Hueyi Tlatoani ("great ruler") | |
Inca Empire | 1438–1533 | Sapa Inca ("only ruler") | Pre-Conquest Sapa Incas Post-Conquest Sapa Incas |
Empire of Brazil | 1822–1889 | Imperador | List of Brazilian monarchs |
Africa
Empire | Duration | Title(s) | See |
---|---|---|---|
Ethiopian Empire | 1270–1975 | Nəgusä nägäst ("ruler of rulers") | List of Ethiopian emperors |
Emperors of short-lived monarchies
- Emperor Jacques of the Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)
- Emperor Augustine of the First Mexican Empire (1822–1823)
- Emperor Faustin of the Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)
- Emperor Maximilian of the Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867)
- Emperor Sunjong and Gojong of the Korean Empire (1897–1910)
- The Hongxian Emperor of the Empire of China (1915–1916)
- The Datong Emperor of the Empire of Manchuria (1934–1945)
- Emperor Bảo Đại of the Empire of Vietnam (1945)
- Emperor Bokassa of the Central African Empire (1976–1979)
Self-proclaimed "emperors"
- See also Self-proclaimed monarchy and micronation
- Simeon Uroš, "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks" (held by Uroš V), in reality Despot of Epirus and Thessaly (1359–1369)
- John Uroš, "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks", in reality Despot of Thessaly (1369–1373)
- Jovan Nenad, "Emperor of Serbs" (1526–1527)
- Andrés Novales, “Emperor of the Philippines” (1823)
- Joshua Abraham Norton, “Emperor of the United States of America” (1859-1880)
Fictional emperors
- Category: Fictional emperors and empresses
References
- ^ Thapar, Romila (2004). Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300. University of California Press. p. 366. ISBN 978-0-520-24225-8.
The unobtrusive titles used by the early Chola kings were replaced with high-sounding ones, such as chakravartigal (emperor, the equivalent of the northern chakravartin).
This article includes a monarchs-related list of lists.