List of the first women holders of political offices in Africa
Antiquity
- Monarch - Tin Hinan - 4th century
Republic
- Secretary of State of Social Affairs – Z'hour Ounissi – 1982[1]
- Vice-Minister of Education – Leila Khira Taib – 1984[1]
- Minister of Social Affairs – Z'hour Ounissi – 1984[1]
- Minister of Education (And third in the Cabinet) – Z'hour Ounissi – 1986
- Minister of Health – Nafissa Lalliam – 1991
- Minister of Youth and Sports – Leïla Aslaoui – 1991
- Minister of State for National Solidarity – Saida Benhabyles – 1992
- Minister-Councillor for Juridical and Administrative Questions – Meriem Belmilhoub Zerdani – 1993
- Secretary of State for National Solidarity and the Family – Aïcha Hénia Semichi – 1995
- Minister of National Solidarity and Family – Rabéa Mechrane – 1997
- Secretary of State of Culture – Zahia Benarous – 1997
- Minister of Culture – Khalida Toumi - 2002; Nadia Labidi – 2014[2][3][4]
- Minister of Education – Nouria Benghabrit-Remaoun – 2014[4]
- Minister of Land-Use Planning and Environment – Dalila Boudjemaa – 2014[5]
- Minister of Family and Women – Mounia Meslem – 2014[6]
- Minister of Post, Information Technology and Communication Women – Zahra Dardouri – 2014[7]
- Minister of Tourism – Nouria Yamina Zerhouni – 2014[4]
- Minister of Artisana & Handicrafts - Aish Tabagho – 2014[8]
Angola
- Vice-Minister of Internal Trade – Maria Mambo Café – 1977[9]
- Minister of Social Affairs – Maria Mambo Café – 1982[9]
- Minister of Justice - Guilhermina Contreiras da Costa Prata - 2008-2012[10]
- Minister of Public Health – Rafiatou Karimou – 1989[11]
- Minister of Justice - Grace d'Almeida - 1995-1996[12]
- Foreign minister – Mariam Aladji Boni Diallo – 2006[13]
- Minister of Trade and Industry – Gaositwe K.T. Chiepe – 1974[14]
- Foreign minister – Gaositwe K.T. Chiepe – 1985[15]
- Chairperson of the House of Chiefs – Mosadi Seboko – 2003[16]
- Minister of Justice - Lesego Motsumi - 2010-2011[17][18]
- Minister of Social Welfare, Housing and Labour – Célestine Ouezzin Coulibaly – 1958[19]
- Minister of Justice - Marie Louise Nignan-Bassolet -1982-1983[20][21]
- Minister for Women's Questions – Euphrasie Kandeke – 1982[22]
- Prime Minister – Sylvie Kinigi – 1993[23]
- President (acting) – Sylvie Kinigi – 1993[24]
- Minister of Justice - Clotilde Niragira - 2005-2007[25]
- Foreign minister – Antoinette Batumubwira – 2006[26]
- Member of Parliament (appointed) - Dorcas Idowu - 1955
- Member of Parliament (elected) - Julienne Keutcha - 1960
- Vice-Minister of Health and Public Welfare – Delphine Zanga Tsogo – 1970[27]
- Minister of Social Affairs – Delphine Zanga Tsogo – 1975[27]
- Minister for Fisheries, Agriculture and Rural Development – Maria Helena Nobre de Morais Querido Semedo – 1993[28]
- Minister of Justice - Januaria Moreira - 1999-2001[29][30]
- Foreign minister – Fátima Veiga – 2002[31]
- Defence minister – Cristina Fontes Lima – 2006[32]
- Member of Parliament – Marthe Matongo – 1964
- Government minister (Social Affairs) – Marie-Joséphe Franck – 1970[33]
- Prime Minister – Elisabeth Domitien – 1975[33]
- Foreign minister – Léonie Banga-Bothy – 2013[34]
- Head of State – Catherine Samba-Panza – 2014[35]
- Minister of Justice - Isabelle Gaudeuille -2014-2016[36]
- Minister of Parliament – Bourkou Louise Kabo – 1962
- Minister of Social Affairs and Women – Fatimé Kimto – 1982[37]
- Secretary of State for Population and the Condition of Women - Sittou Raghadat Mohamed - 1991[38] (First female appointed to a senior government position)
- Member of the Assembly of the Union of the Comoros – Djoueria Abdallah – 2004[39]
- Member of Parliament - Micheline Golengo, Pierrette Kombo and Mambou Aimée Gnali - 1963
- Minister of Public Service – Charlotte Kisimba – 1970[40]
- Minister of Social Affairs - Emilie Manima - 1975[40]
- Minister of Primary Education - Bernadette Bayone - 1984[40]
- Minister of Labour and Social Affairs - Jeanne Dambendzet - 1989[40]
Zaire
- Minister of Social Affairs – Sophie Kanza – 1967[41]
- Foreign minister – Ekila Liyonda – 1987[42]
Republic
- Chief of Staff (Prime Minister) - Marie-Thérèse Nlandu Mpolo Nene[43]
- Speaker of the National Assembly - Jeanine Mabunda - 2019[44]
- Deputy Head of State - Kadidja Abeba - 1992[45]
- Cabinet member (Minister-Delegate for the Promotion of Women, Family and Social Affairs) - Hawa Ahmed Youssouf - 1999[46]
- Cabinet Minister (Minister in charge of the Promotion of Women, Family Welfare and Social Affairs) - Aïcha Mohamed Robleh - 2005[47]
Ancient
- Pharaoh (monarch) – Sobekneferu – 1806 BC[48] (First known female Head of State in history)
Republic
- Member of Parliament – Rawya Ateya – 1957[49][50] (First female Member of Parliament in the Arab world)
- Minister (for Social Affairs) – Dr. Hikmat Abu Zayd – 1962[51]
- Ambassador of Egypt - Aisha Rateb - 1979[52][53]
- Mayor – Eva Habil, (Komboha) – 2008[54]
- Member of Parliament – Cristina Makoli and Lorenza Matute – 1968
- Minister of Womens Participation – Christina Ndjombe Ndjangani – 1978[55]
- Minister of Justice - Evangelina Filomena Oyo Ebule - 2014-2018[36]
- Minister of Justice - Fozia Hashim - 1993[56][57][58][59]
- Monarch – Empress Zewditu – 1916[60]
- Member of Parliament – Senedu Gebru – 1957
- Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs – Youdith Imre – 1966[61]
- Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs – Youdith Imre – 1971[61]
- Minister of Education – Woizero Mary Tadesso – 1991[61]
- Minister of Health – Adanetch Kidane Miriam – 1991[61]
- Leader of a Political Party (Unity for Democracy and Justice Party) - Birtukan Mideksa - 2009[62][63][64][65]
- President - Sahle-Work Zewde – 2018[66]
- Mayor of Addis Ababa – Adanech Abebe – 2021[67]
- Member of Parliament – Virginie Ambougou and Antoinette Tsono – 1961
- Minister of Social Affairs and Women – Antoniette Oliveira – 1980[68]
- Minister of Justice - Sophie Diouly - 1987-1989[69]
- Foreign minister – Pascaline Mferri Bongo – 1991[70]
- President (interim) – Rose Francine Rogombé – 2009[71]
- Speaker of the Senate – Rose Francine Rogombé – 2009[72]
- Member of Parliament – Virginie Ambougou and Antoinette Tsono – 1961
- Member of Parliament – Lucretia St. Clair Joof – 1968
- Minister of Youth, Sport and Culture – Louise N'Jie – 1982[73]
- Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Gambia - Hawa Sisay-Sabally 1996-1998[74]
- Vice President – Isatou Njie-Saidy – 1997[75]
- Foreign minister – Susan Waffa-Ogoo – 2012[76]
- MP – Mabel Dove Danquah – 1954
- Minister of Social Affairs – Suzanna Al-Hassan – 1963[77]
- Foreign minister – Gloria Amon Nikoi – 1979[78]
- Minister of Justice and Attorney General - Betty Mould-Iddrisu - 2009-2011[79]
- Speaker of Parliament - Joyce Bamford-Addo - 2009-2013[80]
- Secretary of State for Social Affairs – Camara Loffo – 1961[81]
- Minister of Social Affairs – Jeanne Martin-Cissé – 1976[81]
- Foreign minister – Mahawa Bangoura – 2000[82]
- Minister of Justice - Paulette Kourouma - 2007-2008[83]
- Minister of Health and Social Affairs – Carmen Pereira – 1981[84]
- President of Guinea-Bissau (acting) – Carmen Pereira – May 1984[85]
- Presidential candidate in Guinea-Bissau - Antoineta Rosa Gomes - 1994, 1999 and 2005[86][87][88]
- Foreign minister – Hilia Barber – 1999[88]
- Minister of Justice - Antoineta Rosa Gomes - 2000-2001[86][87][88]
- Defence minister – Filomena Mascarenhas Tipote – 2005[89]
- Prime Minister (acting) – Adiato Djaló Nandigna – 2012[90]
- Minister for Women's Affairs – Jeanne Gervais – 1976[91]
- Minister of Justice - Jacqueline Oble - 1991-1994[92]
- Member of Parliament - Sidney Farrar – 1938[93]
- Mayor of Nairobi – Lady Gwladys Delamere – 1938[94]
- Assistant Minister of Housing and Social Services – Julia Ojiambo – 1974[95]
- Minister of National Heritage, Culture and Social Affairs – Winifred Nyiva Kitili Mwendwa – 1995[95]
- Minister of Justice - Martha Karua – 2006-2009[96]
- Minister of Constitutional Affairs - Martha Karua – 2008[96]
- Foreign minister – Amina Mohamed – 2013[97]
- Cabinet Secretary for Foreign Affairs - Amina Mohamed - 2013[98]
- Regent – Queen 'Mantšebo – 1941
- High Court Assessor - 'Masechele Caroline Ntseliseng Khaketla - 1979[99]
- Minister of State of Youth and Women's Affairs – Anna Matlehma Hlalele – 1986-1990[100]
- Minister of State by the Chairperson of the Military Council – Anna Matlehma Hlalele – 1990-1992[100]
- Minister of Trade and Industry – Morena Moletsone G. Mokroane – 1990[95]
- Speaker of the National Assembly – Ntlhoi Motsamai – 1999[101]
National level
- Cabinet minister - Secretary of State of Education – Ellen Mills Scarborough – 1948[102]
- Chairwoman of the Council of State (head of state) – Ruth Perry – 1997[103]
- Chief Justice - Gloria Musu-Scott - 1998-2003[104]
- Mayor of Monrovia – Ophelia Hoff Saytumah – 2001[105]
- President pro tempore of the Liberian Senate – Grace B. Minor – 2002[105]
- President – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf – 2006[106]
- Vice President – Jewel Taylor – 2018[107]
Individual ministries
- Assistant Attorney General – Angie Elizabeth Brook-Randolph – 1953[102]
- Minister of Health and Social Security – Edith Mai Wiles Padmore – 1976[102]
- Foreign minister – Dorothy Musuleng-Cooper – 1994[108]
- Minister of Justice - Gloria Musu-Scott - (1996)[109]
- Minister of Education – Fatima Abd al-Hafiz Mukhtar – 1989[110]
- Minister of Youth and Sports – Bukhanra Salem Houda – 1990[110]
- Assistant Secretary General of The Peoples’ Congress – Salmin Ali al-Uraybi – 1990[110]
- Assistant Secretary for Women – Salma Ahmed Rashed – 1992[110]
- Secretary in the General Secretariat of the General Peoples' Congress for Women's Affairs – Thuriya Ramadan Abu Tabrika (Sefrian) – 1995[110]
- Secretary for Information, Culture and Mass Mobilization – Fawziya Bashir al-Shalababi – 1995[110]
- Secretary in the General Secretariat of the General Peoples' Congress for Social Affairs - Shalma Chabone Abduljabbar – 2000[110]
- Secretary of People's Committees Affairs – Huda Fathi Ben Amer – 2009[110]
- Member of the Interim National Council in charge of Legal Affairs – Salwa Fawzi El-Deghali – 2011[110]
- Minister of Health – Fatima Hamroush – 2011[111]
- Minister of Foreign Affairs – Najla Mangoush – 2021
- Minister of Revolutionary Art and Culture – Gisèle Rabesahala – 1977[112]
- Secretary of State for University Affairs – Elénore Marguritte Nerine – 1993[112]
- Foreign minister – Lila Ratsifandrihamanana – 1998[113]
- Minister of Justice - Alice Rajaonah - 2002-2004[114][115]
- Defence minister – Cécile Manorohanta – 2007[116]
- Prime Minister (acting) – Cécile Manorohanta – 2009[86]
- President (Malagasy National Assembly) - Christine Razanamahasoa - 2014[117]
- Parliamentary Secretary for Community and Social Development – Rose Chibambo – 1964
- Parliamentary Secretary to the President – Jean M. Mlanga – 1966[118]
- Minister of State for Women's and Children’s Affairs – Edda E. Chitalo – 1994[118]
- Foreign minister – Lilian Patel – 2000[82]
- Interior minister – Anna Kachikho – 2005[119]
- Vice President – Joyce Banda – 2009[120]
- President – Joyce Banda – 2012[121]
- Speaker of the National Assembly - Catherine Gotani Hara - 2019[122]
- Member of Parliament - Aoua Kéita - 1960
- Minister of Social Affairs and Health – Sominé Dolo – 1965[123]
- Secretary of State for Social Affairs – Inna Sissoko Cissé – 1968[124]
- Foreign minister – Sy Kadiatou Sow – 1994[125]
- Minister of Justice - Fatoumata Sylla - 2004-2007[126][127][128][129][130][131]
- Prime minister – Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé – 2011[132]
- Government minister – Aïssata Kane – 1975[133]
- Foreign minister – Naha Mint Mouknass – 2009[citation needed]
- Mayor of Nouakchott – Maty Mint Hamady – 2014[134]
- Member of Parliament – Emilienne Rochecouste, Denise De Chazal – 1948
- Minister of Women's Affairs, Prizes and Consumer's Affairs – Radhamanay Roonoosarny – 1975[135]
- Minister of Justice and Attorney General - Shirin Aumeeruddy-Cziffra - 1982-1983[136]
- Minister of Youth and Sports – Marie Claude Arouff-Parfait – 1995[137]
- Minister of Gender Equality, Child Development and Family Welfare – Indira Thacoor Sidaya – 1995[138]
- Minister of Social Security, National Solidarity and Reform Institutions – Sheila Bappoo – 2005[139]
- Parliamentary Private Secretary – Kalyanee Bedwantee Juggoo – 2010[140]
- President (acting) – Monique Ohsan Bellepeau – 2012[141][142]
- Minister of Education and human Resources – Leela Devi Dookhun Luchoomun – 2014[143]
- Speaker of the National Assembly of Mauritius - Maya Hanoomanjee[144]
- President – Ameenah Gurib-Fakim – 2015[145]
National level
- High Commissioner for Handicapped – Aziza Bennani – 1994[146]
- Mayor (Essaouira) – Asma Chaabi – 2003[147]
Individual ministries
- Secretary of State of Energy and Mines – Amina Benkhadra – 1997[146]
- Secretary of State for Family Affairs - Yasmina Baddou - 2002[148]
- Secretary of State for Literacy and non-formal Education – Najima Rhozali – 2002[149][150]
- Minister of Energy and Mines – Amina Benkhadra – 2007[151]
- Minister of Health - Yasmina Baddou - 2007[148]
- Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs – Latifa Akherbach – 2007[152]
- Secretary of State for Education – Latifa Labida – 2007[153]
- Minister of Sports – Nawal El Moutawakel – 2007[154]
- Minister of Solidarity, Women, Family, and Social Development – Nouzha Skalli (2007)[155]
- Minister of Culture – Touriya Jabrane – 2007[156]
- Minister of Health – Yasmina Baddou – 2007[157]
- Ministry of Craft and Social Economy – Fatema Marouane – 2013[158]
- Minister of Education and Culture – Graça Simbini Machel – 1975[159]
- Prime Minister – Luisa Diogo – 2004[160]
- Foreign minister – Alcinda Abreu – 2005[161]
- Minister of Justice - Esperanza Machavela - 2007-2008[162]
- Minister-Delegate of Local Government & Housing – Libertine Appolus Amathila – 1987[163]
- Minister of Local Government and Lands – Libertine Appolus Amathila – 1989[163]
- Interior minister – Rosalia Nghidinwa – 2005[164]
- Foreign Minister – Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah – 2013[165]
- Prime Minister – Saara Kuugongelwa – 2015[166]
- Deputy Prime Minister – Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah – 2015[167]
- Minister of Social Affairs and Women's Affairs – Aïssata Moumouni – 1989[168]
- Foreign minister – Aïchatou Mindaoudou – 1999[169]
- Minister of National Planning – Adenike Ebun Oyagbola – 1979[170]
- Finance Minister – Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala – 2003[171]
- Foreign Minister – Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala- 2006[171]
- Governor of Anambra State (South East Nigeria) – Virginia Etiaba – 2006[172]
- Commissioner of Works – Felicity Okpete Ovai – 2003[173][174]
- Deputy Governor of Rivers State (Southern Nigeria) – Ipalibo Banigo – 2015[175][176]
- Minister of Social Affairs and Public Health – Madeleine Ayinkamiye – 1964[177]
- Prime Minister – Agathe Uwilingiyimana – 1993[178]
- Minister of Justice - Agnès Ntamabyaliro Rutagwera - 1993-1994[179]
- Minister of Foreign Affairs – Rosemary Museminali – 2008[180]
- President of the Chamber of Deputies of Rwanda – Rose Mukantabana – 2008[181]
- Secretary of External Affairs – Joan S. Dorchville – 1967[182]
- Commissioner of Labour – Hedwige Rosemond – 1974[182]
- Governor – Lisa Phillips – 2016[183]
- Chief Minister of Saint Helena – Julie Thomas – 2021
- Minister of Culture and Education – Alda Neves da Graça do Espirito Santo – 1975[184]
- Foreign minister – Maria do Nascimento da Graça Amorim – 1978[185]
- Prime Minister – Maria das Neves – 2002[186]
- Minister of Justice - Edite Ramos da Costa Ten Jua - 2013-2016[187]
- Minister of Social Affairs – Caroline Faye Diop – 1978[188]
- Minister of Justice - Mame Madior Boye - 2000[189]
- Prime Minister – Mame Madior Boye – 2001[189]
- Member of Parliament – Marie-Cécile Collet – 1948
- Minister of External Affairs and Planning – Danielle de St. Jorre – 1989[190]
- Foreign minister – Danielle de St. Jorre – 1989[191]
- House of Representatives (Paramount Chief Member for Moyamba District) - Ella Koblo Gulama - 1957[192]
- Minister of State – Ella Koblo Gulama – 1962[193]
- Foreign minister – Shirley Gbujama – 1996[192]
- Minister of Justice and Attorney General - Priscilla Schwartz - 2018[194]
- Member of a City Council – Halima Godane – 1958
- Assistant Minister of Education – Fadumo Ahmed Alin – 1974
- Assistant Minister of Health – Raqiya Haji Dualeh (Raqiya Doaleh Abdalla) – 1983[195]
- Minister of Health – Nur Ilmi Uthman – 1994[196]
- Foreign minister – Fowsiyo Yusuf Haji Adan – 2012[197][198]
- Deputy prime minister – Fowsiyo Yusuf Haji Adan – 2012[197][198]
- Foreign minister – Edna Adan Ismail – 2003[199]
- Mayor of Pretoria – Mabel Malherbe – 1931
- Member of Parliament – Leila Reitz – 1933
- Leader of a political party (President of the Liberal Party of South Africa) – Margaret Ballinger – 1953[200]
- Mayor of Cape Town – Joyce Newton-Thompson – 1959[201]
- Government minister – Rina Venter – 1989[202]
- Health minister – Rina Venter – 1989[202]
- Speaker of the House - Frene Ginwala - 1994-2004[203]
- Foreign minister – Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma – 1999[204]
- Deputy President – Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka – 2005[205]
- Leader of a major political party – Helen Zille – 2007[206]
- Premier of Western Cape – Lynne Brown – 2008[207]
- Member of Parliament – Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim – 1965
- Deputy Minister of Youth and Sport – Nafisah Ahmad al-Amin – 1971[208]
- Minister of State of Social Welfare – Fatima Abdel Mahmoud – 1974[208]
- Minister of State of the Interior, Commissioner for Refugees – Fatma Abdulmahmud – 1995[208]
- Minister of Health – Ihsan Abdallah el-Ghabshawi – 1996[208]
- Minister of Public Service and Manpower (Labour Forces) – Agnes Lukudi – 1998
- Governor (of Bahr-al-Jabal) – Agnes Lukudi – 1994
- Regent – Queen Labotsibeni Mdluli – 1899
- Minister of Health – Fanny Friedman – 1987[209]
- Deputy Minister for Health – Bibi Titi Mohammed – 1962[210]
- Minister of Justice – Julie Manning – 1975[210]
- Foreign minister – Asha-Rose Migiro – 2006[211]
- Ministry of Constitutional and Legal Affairs - Mary Nagu - 2006-2008[212]
- President of Tanzania - Samia Suluhu Hassan - 2021–present[213]
- Minister of Defence and National Service – Stergomena Tax – 2021–present[214]
- MP - Joséphine Hundt - 1961
- Mayor - Marie Madoé Sivomey - 1967
- Minister of Justice - Bibi Yao Savi de Tore - 1978-1982[215][216]
National level
- Cabinet minister - Minister of Women's Affairs – Fethia Mzali – 1983[217]
- Leader of a Political Party – Maya Jribi – 2006[218]
- Vice-President of the Legislative assembly (Constituent Assembly of Tunisia) – Meherzia Labidi Maïza – 2011[219]
Individual ministries
- Minister of Public Health – Souad Yaacoubi – 1984[220]
- Minister of the Environment – Faïza Kefi – 1999[221][222]
- Minister of Vocational Training – Faïza Kefi – 2001[221][222]
- Minister of Employment – Néziha Zarrouk – 2001[191]
- Minister of Culture – Moufida Tlatli – 2011[223]
- Minister of Commerce – Nejla Moalla – 2014[224]
- Minister of Tourism – Amel Karboul – 2014[225]
- Member of Parliament – Florence Alice Lubega – 1962
- Foreign minister – Elizabeth Bagaya – 1974[226]
- Vice President – Specioza Kazibwe – 1994[227]
- Minister of Justice - Janat Mukwaya - 2001-2003[228][229][230]
- Members of Parliament – Ester Banda, Malina Chilila, Margret Mbeba, Nakatindi Yeta Nganga, Madeline Robertson – 1964[231]
- Junior Minister – Nakatindi Yeta Nganga – 1966[232]
- Minister of Health – Mutumba Mainga Bull – 1973[233]
- Vice President – Inonge Wina – 2015[234]
- Speaker of the National Assembly – Nelly Mutti – 2021[235]
- Minister of Culture – Manical Mastura Ali Salem – 1981[236]
National level
- Member of Parliament – Ethel Tawse Jollie – 1923[237]
- Mayor – Gladys Maasdorp – 1942[238][239]
- Senators – Olive Robertson and Helena van Biljon – 1970[240]
- Cabinet minister – Joice Mujuru – 1980[241]
- Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly – Edna Madzongwe – 1995[242]
- Provincial governor – Oppah Muchinguri – 2000[243]
- Vice-President of ZANU–PF – Joice Mujuru – 2004[244]
- Vice-President – Joice Mujuru – 2004[244][245]
- President of the Senate – Edna Madzongwe – 2005[246]
- Deputy Prime Minister – Thokozani Khupe – 2009[247]
- President (acting) – Joice Mujuru – 2009[248]
- National Chairperson of ZANU–PF – Oppah Muchinguri – 2017[249]
- Attorney-General – Virginia Mabhiza – 2023[250][251]
Individual ministries
- Minister of Youth, Sport, and Recreation – Joice Mujuru – 1980[241]
- Minister of National Resources and Tourism – Victoria Chitepo – 1982[12]
- Minister of Education – Victoria Chitepo – 1988[12]
- Minister of Information – Victoria Chitepo – 1988[12]
- Minister of Posts and Telecommunications – Victoria Chitepo – 1990[12]
- Minister of Higher and Tertiary Education – Olivia Muchena – 2013[252]
- Minister of State for Masvingo Province – Shuvai Mahofa – 2015[253]
- Minister of Defence and War Veterans Affairs – Oppah Muchinguri – 2018[254]
- Minister of Information, Publicity and Broadcasting Services – Monica Mutsvangwa – 2018[255][256]
- Minister of State for Mashonaland Central Province – Monica Mavhunga – 2018[257][258]
Regional level
- Mayor of Salisbury (today Harare) – Gladys Maasdorp – 1942[238][239]
- Mayor of Gatooma (today Kadoma) – Maud Godsmark – 1955[259]
- Mayor of Que Que (today Kwekwe) – Barbara Ashton – 1959[260]
- Mayor of Bulawayo – Margot Brett – 1960[261]
- Governor of Manicaland Province – Oppah Muchinguri – 2000[243]
- Mayor of Mutare – Sophia Rudo Gwasira – 2023[262]
Footnotes and references
- ^ a b c "Algeria Ministers".
- ^ "LA CULTURE EN 2015: La dernière année avant la libération?". www.lesoirdalgerie.com. 2 January 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ rédaction, La (6 May 2014). "Portrait. Nadia Labidi-Cherabi, une cinéaste à la tête du ministère de la Culture". Algerie Focus (in French). Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ a b c "Sept femmes dans le nouveau gouvernement Sellal". El Watan (in French). Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ rédaction, La (12 September 2013). "Algérie : Remaniement ministériel, et les femmes dans tout ça ?". Algerie Focus (in French). Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ "Le portail du Premier Ministère | Accueil |". Le portail du Premier Ministère. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ Figaro, Madame (2 September 2015). "Pour la première fois, il y a plus de femmes que d'hommes ministres". Madame Figaro. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ Mondafrique, La redaction de (16 October 2015). "La ministre algérienne Aïcha Tagabou protégée par la femme du Premier ministre". Mondafrique (in French). Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ a b "Angola Ministers".
- ^ "Ministério da Justiça e Direitos Humanos | Histórico". www.minjusdh.gov.ao. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ "Benin Ministers".
- ^ a b c d e Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku (2 February 2012). Dictionary of African Biography. OUP USA. ISBN 9780195382075.
- ^ Panapress (8 April 2006). "Boni Yayi rend public son premier gouvernement". Afrik.com (in French). Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ "Botswana Ministers".
- ^ Encyclopedia of World Biography. Gale Research. 1998. ISBN 9780787625436.
- ^ Guide2Women Leaders
- ^ "Mmegi Online :: Civil service shake-up, Cabinet reshuffle looming". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ Tsimane, Edgar (16 December 2010). "DEFENCE, JUSTICE AND SECURITY STILL WITHOUT SUBSTANTIVE MINISTER".
- ^ "Burkina Faso Ministers". www.guide2womenleaders.com. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
- ^ "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1983:Jan.-Mar." HathiTrust. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ Rouamba, Lydia; Descarries, Francine (2010). "Les femmes dans le pouvoir exécutif au Burkina Faso (1957-2009)" (PDF).
- ^ "Burundi - Politique". Net Press.
- ^ Forges, Alison Liebhafsky Des (1999). Aucun témoin ne doit survivre: le génocide au Rwanda (in French). KARTHALA Editions. ISBN 9782865379378.
- ^ "Femmes et pouvoir politique au Benin : des origines dahomeennes a nos jours" (PDF). December 2012.
- ^ "President names cabinet, new faces abound". IRIN (in French). 31 August 2005. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ Jeune Afrique (in French). Groupe Jeune Afrique. 2008.
- ^ a b "Cameroon Ministers".
- ^ "Cape Verde Ministers".
- ^ "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1999Sep-Dec 1999". HathiTrust. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- ^ "Januária Tavares Silva Moreira Costa". Superior Council of the Judiciary. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- ^ "Fátima Veiga é nova embaixadora de Cabo Verde na França". Expresso das Ilhas (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ SAPO. "Governo cabo-verdiano passa a ter 11 mulheres e oito homens". SAPO Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ a b Bradshaw, Richard; Fandos-Rius, Juan (27 May 2016). Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780810879928.
- ^ "Liste des membres du Gouvernement Tiangaye 3 (RCA)". www.sangonet.com. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ "CAR elects mayor as new leader". 20 January 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ a b "Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
- ^ "Chad Ministers".
- ^ HALIDI. "Interview / LE POINT avec Sittou Raghadat Mohamed, première femme comorienne ministre et élue députée". HALIDI-BLOG-COMORES, Blog des COMORES (in French). Retrieved 22 April 2019.
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