List of Looking Glass Studios video games
Looking Glass Studios was an American video game developer founded in 1990 as Blue Sky Productions by Paul Neurath in Salem, New Hampshire. The company's first game was Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss in 1992, which received widespread critical acclaim and sold nearly 500,000 units.[1][2] Looking Glass proceeded to develop titles in multiple genres, including role-playing, sports, flight simulation, and stealth video games. These titles were primarily published by Origin Systems, Electronic Arts and Eidos Interactive, with three titles self-published by Looking Glass Studios.
Looking Glass' products were praised for innovations in video game technology and design.[3][4][5] Several of their successes, such as Flight Unlimited and Thief: The Dark Project, sold over half a million copies each.[6][7] Poor sales of their final two self-published games—Terra Nova: Strike Force Centauri (1996) and British Open Championship Golf (1997)—left the company in financial turmoil, however.[3] This, combined with multiple failed business deals, including a temporary merger with Intermetrics from 1997 to 1999,[8] led the company to close on May 24, 2000, and cancel several projects in development.[3][9][10] Its final project, Jane's Attack Squadron, was completed by Mad Doc Software and released by Xicat Interactive in 2002. In total, Looking Glass Studios released 12 original games in its 10 years of activity, alongside several ports and other spin-offs.
Games
Title | Details |
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Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss Original release dates:
| Release years by system: 1992 – DOS[12] 1993 – FM Towns[13] 1997 – PlayStation[14] 2002 – Windows Mobile[15] |
Notes:
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Original release dates: | Release years by system: 1992 – Sega Genesis[16] |
Notes:
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Ultima Underworld II: Labyrinth of Worlds Original release dates:
| Release years by system: 1993 – DOS[18] |
Notes:
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Original release dates: | Release years by system: 1994 – DOS[19] 1994 – Macintosh[21] |
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Original release dates: | Release years by system: 1995 – DOS[23] 1995 – Windows[24] 1997 – Macintosh[25] |
Notes:
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Terra Nova: Strike Force Centauri Original release dates: | Release years by system: 1996 – DOS[27] |
Notes:
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Original release date:
| Release years by system: 1997 – Windows[30][31] |
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Original release dates: | Release years by system: 1997 – Windows[32] |
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Thief: The Dark Project Original release dates: | Release years by system: 1998 – Windows[33] |
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Command & Conquer Original release dates: | Release years by system: 1999 – Nintendo 64[35] |
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Original release dates: | Release years by system: 1999 – Windows[36] |
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Original release dates: | Release years by system: 1999 – Windows[39] |
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Original release dates: | Release years by system: 1999 – Nintendo 64[40] |
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Thief Gold Original release dates: | Release years by system: 1999 – Windows[41] |
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Thief II: The Metal Age Original release dates: | Release years by system: 2000 – Windows[43] |
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Original release dates: | Release years by system: 2002 – Windows[44] |
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Cancelled
Title | Details |
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Voyager Cancellation date: Spring 1997[46] | Proposed system release: 1997 – Windows[47] |
Notes:
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Junction Point Cancellation date: 1997[50] | Proposed system release: 1998[51] |
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Deep Cover Cancellation date: 2000[53] | Proposed system release: Unannounced |
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Thief II Gold Cancellation date: 2000[54] | Proposed system release: Unannounced |
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Thief III Cancellation date: 2000[4] | Proposed system release: Unannounced |
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Cancellation date: 2000[56] | Proposed system release: Nintendo 64[57] |
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Wildwaters Cancellation date: 2000[58] | Proposed system release: Nintendo 64[59] |
Notes: |
References
- ^ Neurath, Paul (June 23, 2000). "The Story of Ultima Underworld". Through the Looking Glass. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
- ^ Mallinson, Paul (April 16, 2002). "Feature: Games that changed the world: Ultima Underworld". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on February 11, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h McDonald, T. Liam (August 2000). "Game Theory; Beyond the Looking Glass". Maximum PC. p. 31.
- ^ a b c d e Au, Wagner James (June 20, 2000). "Game over". Salon.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2009.
- ^ Olafson, Peter (August 3, 2000). "Game Theory; In Free-Spirited Play, a Departed Spirit Lives". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 24, 2011.
- ^ a b Takahashi, Dean (April 23, 2002). Opening the Xbox: Inside Microsoft's Plan to Unleash an Entertainment Revolution. Prima Lifestyle. pp. 41–44. ISBN 0-7615-3708-2.
- ^ a b Bray, Hiawatha (May 26, 2000). "Looking Glass, Closing, Laying of 60 Workers / Failed Deal Dooms Cambridge Game Developer". The Boston Globe. p. C3.
- ^ AverStar (July 30, 1999). "Discontinued Operations". Registration No. 333-78517 (Report). Burlington, Massachusetts: NASDAQ. p. 25. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
In August 1997, we combined our computer and video game business with the operations of Looking Glass Technologies, Inc. to form Intermetrics Entertainment Software, LLC, or IES. After the combination, we owned 66% of IES and consolidated the results of IES' operations with our operations for our financial reporting purposes. In December 1998, we approved a plan of divestiture of IES by means of a distribution of our interest in IES to our stockholders. We effected the distribution in March 1999.
- ^ Asher, Mark (August 2000). "read.me; Looking Glass Shuts Down". Computer Gaming World. No. 193.
- ^ Weise, Matthew (March 4, 2012). "Looking Glass Studios Interview Series – Audio Podcast 10 – Paul Neurath". Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ "Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss". GameSpot. Archived from the original on December 17, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "An Interview With Looking Glass Technologies". Game Bytes. 1992. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ a b c "Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss for FM Towns". GameSpot. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ "Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss for PlayStation". GameSpot. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b Barton, Matt (April 11, 2007). "The History of Computer Role-Playing Games Part III: The Platinum and Modern Ages (1994–2004)". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on December 28, 2007. Retrieved March 7, 2009.
- ^ a b c "John Madden Football '93 Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ Flanagan, T.S.; Berg, R.J. (December 1992). John Madden Football '93 manual. Electronic Arts.
- ^ a b c d Rouse III, Richard (2005). Game Design: Theory & Practice Second Edition. Wordware Publishing. 500–531. ISBN 1-55622-912-7.
- ^ a b "System Shock Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ "System Shock for Mac". GameSpot. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ Keefer, John (May 2000). "20 Questions with Warren Spector". GameSpy. Archived from the original on September 5, 2005. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Looking Glass Technologies Ships Flight Unlimited Worldwide". PR Newswire. June 7, 1995.
- ^ Scoleri III, Joseph. "Flight Unlimited for Windows 95". Allgame. Archived from the original on November 15, 2014. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ "Flight Unlimited for Mac". IGN. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ Schuytema, Paul (August 1995). "Hex, Bugs & Rock 'N Roll; Calculus Unlimited". Computer Gaming World. No. 133. pp. 174, 176, 178.
- ^ a b "Terra Nova: Strike Force Centauri Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ "Major Games Publishers Roll Out Key Titles with QSound". PR Newswire. March 18, 1996.
- ^ Yee, Bernie (March 1995). "Through the Looking Glass". PC Gamer. pp. 62, 63, 65, 67, 69.
- ^ a b "British Open Championship Golf for PC". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 12, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ Quigley, Shane (May 22, 1997). "British Open Championship Golf". The Adrenaline Vault. Archived from the original on February 12, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Flight Unlimited II Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Thief: The Dark Project Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on March 30, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ Dunkin, Alan (December 1, 1998). "Thief on the Loose". GameSpot. Archived from the original on June 5, 2000. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Command & Conquer for N64 Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "System Shock 2 Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on September 9, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ Fudge, James (August 11, 1999). "System Shock 2 ships". Computer Games Magazine. Archived from the original on November 29, 1999. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ Smith, Quintin (2010-12-14). "Dark Engine Source Code Found In A Bag". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
- ^ a b c d "Flight Unlimited III Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Destruction Derby 64 Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Thief Gold Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b Fudge, James (October 29, 1999). "Thief Gold Ships". Computer Games Magazine. Archived from the original on November 29, 2002. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Thief II: The Metal Age". GameSpot. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Jane's Attack Squadron Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ Atkin, Denny (July 2002). "Jane's Attack Squadron". Computer Gaming World. No. 216. p. 76.
- ^ Cross, Jason (March 9, 2001). "An Irrational Tale". Computer Games Magazine. Archived from the original on February 6, 2005.
- ^ Staff (December 28, 1996). "'Star Trek' fans can battle the Borg at home". The Augusta Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 2, 2014.
- ^ a b "Viacom New Media forms a strategic alliance with Looking Glass Technologies, creator of groundbreaking interactive products; Viacom New Media and Looking Glass join forces on Star Trek: Voyager software". Business Wire. August 16, 1995.
- ^ Chey, Jonathan (December 7, 1999). "Postmortem: Irrational Games' System Shock 2". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on August 15, 2009. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b Feldman, Curt; Thorsen, Tor (March 8, 2005). "Warren Spector resurfaces at Junction Point". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Eidos Interactive to Publish Games From Looking Glass; Flight Unlimited II, Sequel To The Award-Winning Civilian Flight Sim To Be The First From Eidos". Business Wire. September 9, 1997.
- ^ Staff (March 1997). "An Interview with Warren Spector". Next Generation (27): 56.
- ^ a b Sterrett, James (May 31, 2000). "Reasons for the Fall: A Post-Mortem On Looking Glass Studios". Through the Looking Glass. Archived from the original on March 8, 2014.
- ^ a b c Opii, Valoria (2000). "Once more through the Looking Glass". GameSpy. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ Hong, Quang (May 25, 2000). "Looking Glass Gone". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b Ransom-Wiley, James (August 31, 2006). "Craigslist poster has unreleased Mini Racers, offering free N64 rom for services". Joystiq. Archived from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ a b c Staff (November 2, 1999). "Mini Racers". IGN. Archived from the original on March 7, 2000. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ "Wildwaters – Nintendo 64". IGN. Archived from the original on May 28, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ a b c Staff. "Introducing Wildwaters". IGN. Archived from the original on March 10, 2000. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
External links
- Official website (Archived)
- v
- t
- e
- Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss
- Ultima Underworld II: Labyrinth of Worlds
- System Shock
- System Shock 2 (co-developed)
- Thief: The Dark Project
- Thief II
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Nintendo 64 ports |
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