Kaunan
Name | Proto-Germanic | Old English | Old Norse |
---|---|---|---|
*Kauną? | Cēn | Kaun | |
? | "torch" | "ulcer" | |
Shape | Elder Futhark | Futhorc | Younger Futhark |
Unicode | ᚲ U+16B2 | ᚳ U+16B3 | ᚴ U+16B4 |
Transliteration | k | c | k |
Transcription | k | c | k, g |
IPA | [k] | [k], [c], [tʃ] | [k], [g] |
Position in rune-row | 6 |
The k-rune ᚲ (Younger Futhark ᚴ, Anglo-Saxon futhorc ᚳ) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning "ulcer". The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is *Kauną. It is also known as Kenaz ("torch"), based on its Anglo-Saxon name.
The Elder Futhark shape is likely directly based on Old Italic c (, 𐌂) and on Latin C. The Younger Futhark and Anglo-Saxon Futhorc shapes have parallels in Old Italic shapes of k (, 𐌊) and Latin K (compare the Negau helmet inscription). The corresponding Gothic letter is 𐌺 k, called kusma.
The shape of the Younger Futhark kaun rune (ᚴ) is identical to that of the "bookhand" s rune in the Anglo-Saxon futhorc. The ᚴ rune also occurs in some continental runic inscriptions. It has been suggested that in these instances, it represents the ch /χ/ sound resulting from the Old High German sound shift (e.g. ᛖᛚᚴ elch in Nordendorf II).[1]
Rune Poem:[2] | English Translation: |
Old Norwegian |
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Old Icelandic |
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Anglo-Saxon |
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Notes:
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References
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24-type Fuþark
(ca. AD to 9th c.)
28-type Fuþorc
(ca. 5th c. to 9th c.)
33-type Fuþorc
(ca. 8th c. to 12th c.)
16-type Fuþark
(ca. 8th c. to 11th c.)
Stung Fuþark
(ca. 11th c. to 13th c.)
Medieval Fuþark
(ca. 13th c. to 16th c.)
1st types | – | ᚠ | ᚢ | ᚦ | ᚮ | ᚱ | ᚴ | ᛬ | ᚼ | ᚿ | ᛁ | ᛆ | ᛋ | ᛬ | ᛐ | ᛒ | ᛘ | ᛚ | ᛦ | ||||||||||||||||||
f | u w | þ | o | r | k q | h x | n | i j | a | s | t | b | m | l | y | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd types | – | ᚡ | ᚤ | ᚧ | ᚰ | ᚵ | ᚾ | ᛂ | ᛅ | ᛍ | ᛑ | ᛔ | ᛛ | ᛨ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
v | y v | ð | ǫ å | g | n | e | ä | c z | d | p | ʟ | y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd types | – | ᚯ | ᚶ | ᛀ | ᛎ | ᛕ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ö | ng | ɴ | z c | ᴘ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4th types | – | ᛪ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alphabetical amalgamation | – | ᛆ | ᛒ | ᛍ ᛎ | ᛑ | ᚧ | ᛂ | ᚠ | ᚵ | ᚶ | ᚼ | ᛁ | ᛁ | ᚴ | ᛚ | ᛛ | ᛘ | ᚿ ᚾ | ᛀ | ᚮ | ᚰ | ᛔ | ᛕ | ᚴ | ᚱ | ᛋ | ᛐ | ᚦ | ᚢ | ᚡ ᚤ | ᚢ | ᚴᛋ ᛪ ᚼ | ᚤ ᛦ ᛨ | ᛎ ᛍ | ᚰ | ᛅ | ᚯ |
a | b | c | d | ð | e | f | g | ŋ | h | i | j | k | l | ʟ | m | n | ɴ | o | ǫ | p | ᴘ | q | r | s | t | þ | u | v | w | x | y | z | å | ä | ö |
Dalecarlian alphabet
(ca. 16th c. to 20th c.)
- See also
- Runic inscriptions interactive map
- Runic inscriptions
- Rune Poems
- Runestones
- Runic magic
- Modern runic writing
- Pseudo-runes
- Staveless runes
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