José Rufino Reyes y Siancas

José Rufino Reyes
Photo of Jose Rufino Reyes y Siancas
Born	José Rufino Reyes y Siancas November 15, 1836 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Died	January 31, 1905 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Nationality	Dominican
Other names	Jose Reyes
Occupation(s)	Composer, musician

José Rufino Reyes y Siancas, also known as Jose Reyes (November 15, 1836 – January 31, 1905) was a Dominican composer, best known for composing the current Dominican national anthem. Among his other works are compositions of waltzes and marches. He also composed secular and religious music.^[1][2]

José Rufino Reyes y Siancas was born in Santo Dominigo, Dominican Republic, on November 15, 1836. He was the son of Rafael Reyes, a poor retailer, and María Merced Siancas.^[3] Reyes had two siblings, Manuel María Reyes Siancas (born 1821), and Francisco Reyes Siancas.^[4] Reyes had no formal education and was raised in cottage dwelling. Reyes served as a military soldier, where he first studied music, with the director of the military band, Juan Bautista Fonseca. He learned various musical instruments, with primary focus on the cello.

In 1882, alongside Emilio Prud'Homme, he composed the music for what would later become the national anthem of the Dominican Republic. The following year on August 7th, he premiered the composition in celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the restoration of the Republic with lyrics written by Prud'Homme, during a ceremony held at the Lodge La Esperanza. The composition was then again performed on February 27, 1884, in honor of Juan Pablo Duarte in the theater of the Republic during the occasion of the arrival of Duarte's remains in the country, which were deposited in the Chapel of the Immortals.Today his face is on the 2,000 Dominican peso bill next to Emilio Prud'Homme

In 1885, the composition received its greatest public praise when it was performed by the military band teacher Betances, in the Cathedral Square and its popularity then increased on the fiftieth anniversary of the Republic. In 1896 it was nominated to be the official anthem of the country unsuccessfully. On 7 June 1897, the Congress of the Dominican Republic passed an act adopting "Himno Nacional" with the original music and revised lyrics as the country's official national anthem; however, then-President Ulises Heureaux (1846–1899) vetoed the act because the lyric's author, Prud'homme, was an opponent of the president and his administration.^{[citation needed]}

José Rufino Reyes died on January 31, 1905, without seeing the national anthem being formalized. His remains were laid to rest by the words of Federico Henriquez y Carvajal. In 1916, the Congress tried once again without results to formalize the anthem. Eventually on May 3, 1934, due to a message sent to Congress by the dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, a law was passed which established Reyes' composition as the official anthem of the Dominican Republic.