Cucaracha Formation
Geologic formation in Panama
Cucaracha Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Early Burdigalian-Mid Langhian (Hemingfordian-Barstovian) 19–14 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ | |
Type | Formation |
Underlies | Pedro Miguel & La Boca Formations |
Overlies | Culebra Formation |
Thickness | ~125 m (410 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Sandstone, conglomerate |
Other | Claystone |
Location | |
Coordinates | Cucaracha Formation (Panama) |
The Cucaracha Formation (Tca)[1] is a geologic formation in Panama. It preserves vertebrate and plant fossils dating back to the Neogene period; Early to Middle Miocene epochs (Hemingfordian).[2] Fossils of the crocodylian Centenariosuchus, the turtle Rhinoclemmys panamaensis and the artiodactyl Paratoceras have been found in the formation.[3]
The Cucaracha Formation is approximately 125 metres (410 ft) thick,[4] and dated to 19 to 14 Ma.[5]
Fossil content
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Mammals
Bats
Bats reported from the Cucaracha Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Americanycteris[6][7] | A. cyrtodon | Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill | Partial jaw & right premolar | A leaf-nosed bat, first reported as a new "large insectivorous phyllostomine" |
Carnivorans
Carnivorans reported from the Cucaracha Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Bassaricyonoides[6] | B. sp. | Gaillard Cut | A procyonid | ||
Daphoenodon[6] | cf. D. sp. | Gaillard Cut | A bear dog | ||
Hemicyonidae indet.[8] | Indeterminate | Gaillard Cut | Radius & ulna fragment | A bear | |
Tomarctus[6][8] | T. brevirostris | Gaillard Cut | Jaw & teeth | A borophagine dog |
Rodents
Rodents reported from the Cucaracha Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Nototamias[6] | N. sp. | Gaillard Cut | A ground squirrel | ||
Petauristodon[6] | P. sp. | Gaillard Cut | A flying squirrel | ||
Proheteromys[6] | P. sp. | Gaillard Cut | A heteromyid | ||
Texomys[6][9] | T. stewarti | Pedro Miguel Lock & Gaillard Cut | Teeth | A jimomyid |
Ungulates
Ungulates reported from the Cucaracha Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Anchitherium[6][8][10] | A. clarencei | Gaillard Cut & Centenario Bridge | Mandible fragment, upper cheek tooth & maxilla | An equid | |
Archaeohippus[6][8] | A. sp. | Gaillard Cut | Calcaneus & tooth | An equid | |
Cynorca[6][11] | C. occidentale | Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill | Jaw elements with teeth | Species reassigned to the genus Tedfordhyus[12] | |
Floridaceras[6][8] | F. whitei | Gaillard Cut | Jaws, teeth & femur fragment | A rhinoceros | |
Floridatragulus[6] | cf. F. nanus | Gaillard Cut | A camelid | ||
Machaeromeryx[6] | cf. M. sp. | Gaillard Cut | A moschid | ||
Menoceras[6][8] | M. barbouri | Gaillard Cut | Teeth & limb elements | A rhinoceros | |
Merycochoerus[6][8] | M. matthewi | Gaillard Cut | Skull elements | An oreodont | |
Parablastomeryx[6] | cf. P. sp. | Gaillard Cut | A moschid | ||
Paratoceras[6][8][13] | P. coatesi | Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge, Hodges Hill & Cartagena Hill | Skull elements, teeth & limb fragments | A protoceratid, first reported as P. wardi | |
P. wardi | Gaillard Cut | Skull elements, teeth & limb fragments | Remains reassigned to P. coatesi | ||
Tedfordhyus[6][11] | T. occidentalis | Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill | Jaw elements with teeth | A peccary, originally named Cynorca occidentale |
Reptiles
Birds
Birds reported from the Cucaracha Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Accipitridae indet.[14] | Indeterminate | West side of the Panama Canal | Talon | A large eagle, talon resembles those of the crowned eagle and martial eagle |
Crocodilians
Crocodilians reported from the Cucaracha Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Centenariosuchus[15] | C. gilmorei | Hodges Hill | Skull & jaw | A caiman | |
cf. C. gilmorei | Centenario Bridge | Right angular | A caiman | ||
Dadagavialis[16] | D. gunai | East margin of the Panama Canal | Partial snout | A gavialid | |
cf. D. gunai | Centenario Bridge | Partial mandible | A gavialid | ||
Eusuchia indet.[15] | Indeterminate | Panama Canal Zone | Headless skeleton | Osteoderms comparable to those of gavialids such as Gavialosuchus, but crocodilian osteoderms are non-diagnostic |
Squamates
Squamates reported from the Cucaracha Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Boa[17] | B. cf. B. constrictor | Cartagena Hill & Hodges Hill | Incomplete vertebrae | A boid snake |
Turtles
Turtles reported from the Cucaracha Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Podocnemididae indet.[18] | Incertae sedis | Centenario Bridge | Right epiplastron | A side-necked turtle | |
Rhinoclemmys[18] | R. panamaensis | Centenario Bridge | Shell elements | A geoemydid turtle | |
R. sp. | Centenario Bridge & Culebra Reach | Isolated bones | A geoemydid turtle | ||
Staurotypus[18] | S. moschus | Centenario Bridge | Peripheral part of shell | A kinosternid turtle | |
Testudinidae indet.[18] | Incertae sedis | Culebra Reach | Shell & limb elements | A tortoise | |
Trionychidae indet.[18] | Incertae sedis | Centenario Bridge | Right costal | A softshell turtle |
Plants
Plants reported from the Cucaracha Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Ampelorhiza[19] | A. heteroxylon | Culebra Cut | Roots | A member of Paullinieae | |
Antrocaryon[20] | A. panamaensis | Lirio East | Endocarps | A member of Anacardiaceae | |
Dracontomelon[20] | D. montesii | Lirio East | Endocarps | A member of Anacardiaceae | |
Guazumaoxylon[21] | G. miocenica | Hodges Hill | Wood | A member of Malvaceae, similar to Guazuma | |
Mammea[22] | M. paramericana | Northern Lirio East | Stem | A member of Calophyllaceae | |
Oreomunnea[23] | O. grahamii | Lirio East | Nuts | A member of Juglandaceae | |
Panascleroticoxylon[24] | P. crystallosa | Hodges Hill | Wood | A member of Malpighiales | |
Parinari[25] | P. panamensis | Lirio East, Gold Hill & Empire sites | Endocarps | A member of Chrysobalanaceae | |
Parinarioxylon[25] | P. panamensis | Lirio East | Wood | A member of Chrysobalanaceae | |
Periplanetoxylon[21] | P. panamense | Hodges Hill | Wood | A member of Malvaceae | |
Prioria[26] | P. canalensis | Hodges Hill | Wood | A legume | |
P. hodgesii | Hodges Hill | Wood | A legume | ||
Rourea[27] | R. blatta | Northern Lirio East site | Wood | A liana belonging to the Connaraceae | |
Spondias[20] | S. rothwellii | Lirio East | Endocarps | A member of Anacardiaceae |
See also
References
- ^ Geologic Map, 1980
- ^ Cucaracha Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Centenariosuchus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Kirby et al., 2008, p.9
- ^ Kirby et al., 2008, p.11
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s MacFadden, Bruce J.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Evans, Helen; Foster, David A.; Morgan, Gary S.; Rincon, Aldo; Wood, Aaron R. (March 2014). "Temporal Calibration and Biochronology of the Centenario Fauna, Early Miocene of Panama". The Journal of Geology. 122 (2): 113–135. Bibcode:2014JG....122..113M. doi:10.1086/675244. ISSN 0022-1376.
- ^ Morgan, Gary S.; Czaplewski, Nicholas; Rincon, Aldo F.; Bloch, Jonathan Ivan (November 2023). "A new early Miocene bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Panama confirms middle Cenozoic chiropteran dispersal between the Americas". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 30 (4): 963–993. doi:10.1007/s10914-023-09690-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Macfadden, Bruce J. (2006). "North American Miocene Land Mammals from Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (3): 720–734. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[720:NAMLMF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524616.
- ^ Slaughter, Bob H. (1981). "A New Genus of Geomyoid Rodent from the Miocene of Texas and Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1 (1): 111–115. Bibcode:1981JVPal...1..111S. doi:10.1080/02724634.1981.10011884. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4522841.
- ^ MacFadden, Bruce J. (2009). "Three-Toed Browsing Horse Anchitherium (Equidae) from the Miocene of Panama". Journal of Paleontology. 83 (3): 489–492. Bibcode:2009JPal...83..489M. doi:10.1666/08-155.1. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 29739113.
- ^ a b Macfadden, Bruce J.; Kirby, Michael X.; Rincon, Aldo; Montes, Camilo; Moron, Sara; Strong, Nikki; Jaramillo, Carlos (March 2010). "Extinct peccary "Cynorca" occidentale (Tayassuidae, Tayassuinae) from the Miocene of Panama and correlations to North America". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (2): 288–298. Bibcode:2010JPal...84..288M. doi:10.1666/09-064R.1. ISSN 0022-3360.
- ^ PROTHERO, DONALD R. (2021-05-28). THE SYSTEMATICS OF NORTH AMERICAN PECCARIES (MAMMALIA: ARTIODACTYLA: TAYASSUIDAE). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science.
- ^ Rincon, Aldo F.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Macfadden, Bruce J.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2015-09-03). "New early Miocene protoceratids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (5): e970688. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E0688R. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.970688. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ Steadman, David. W.; MacFadden, Bruce J. (2016). "A large eagle (Aves, Accipitridae) from the early Miocene of Panama". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (5): 1012–1015. Bibcode:2016JPal...90.1012S. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.103. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 48572611. S2CID 132732768.
- ^ a b Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Rincon, Aldo F.; Macfadden, Bruce J. (2013). "Systematics and biogeography of crocodylians from the Miocene of Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2): 239. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33..239H. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.713814. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Moreno-Bernal, Jorge W.; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2019-06-18). "New Miocene Caribbean gavialoids and patterns of longirostry in crocodylians". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (12): 1049–1075. Bibcode:2019JSPal..17.1049S. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1495275. ISSN 1477-2019.
- ^ Head, Jason J.; Rincon, Aldo F.; Suarez, Catalina; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos (2012-10-31). "Fossil evidence for earliest Neogene American faunal interchange: Boa (Serpentes, Boinae) from the early Miocene of Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (6): 1328–1334. Bibcode:2012JVPal..32.1328H. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694387. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ a b c d e Cadena, E.; Bourque, J.R.; Rincón, A.F.; Bloch, J.I.; Jaramillo, C.A.; MacFadden, B.J. (2012). "New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through Late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin". Journal of Paleontology. 86 (3): 539–557. Bibcode:2012JPal...86..539C. doi:10.1666/11-106.1.
- ^ Jud, Nathan A.; Allen, Sarah E.; Nelson, Chris W.; Bastos, Carolina L.; Chery, Joyce G. (2021-04-07). Wong, William Oki (ed.). "Climbing since the early Miocene: The fossil record of Paullinieae (Sapindaceae)". PLOS ONE. 16 (4): e0248369. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1648369J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248369. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 8026063. PMID 33826635.
- ^ a b c Herrera, Fabiany; Carvalho, Mónica R.; Jaramillo, Carlos; Manchester, Steven R. (July 2019). "19-Million-Year-Old Spondioid Fruits from Panama Reveal a Dynamic Dispersal History for Anacardiaceae". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 180 (6): 479–492. doi:10.1086/703551. ISSN 1058-5893.
- ^ a b Rodríguez-Reyes, Oris; Falcon-Lang, Howard; Gasson, Peter; Collinson, Margaret; Jaramillo, Carlos (October 2014). "Fossil woods (Malvaceae) from the lower Miocene (early to mid-Burdigalian) part of the Cucaracha Formation of Panama (Central America) and their biogeographic implications". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 209: 11–34. Bibcode:2014RPaPa.209...11R. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.05.006. ISSN 0034-6667.
- ^ Nelson, Chris W.; Jud, Nathan A. (2017-03-01). "Biogeographic Implications of Mammea paramericana sp. nov. from the Lower Miocene of Panama and the Evolution of Calophyllaceae". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 178 (3): 241–257. doi:10.1086/689618. ISSN 1058-5893. S2CID 89714823.
- ^ Graham, Alan; Montiel, Olga Martha; Raven, Peter H.; Stevens, Warren Douglas (2014). "Fruits of Oreomunnea (Juglandaceae) in the early Miocene of Panama". Paleobotany and biogeography :a festschrift for Alan Graham in his 80th year. Missouri Botanical Garden. pp. 124–133.
- ^ Rodriguez-Reyes, Oris; Gasson, Peter; Thornton, Carolyn; Falcon-Lang, Howard J.; Jud, Nathan A. (2017-12-06). "Panascleroticoxylon crystallosa gen. et sp. nov.: a new Miocene malpighialean tree from Panama". IAWA Journal. 38 (4): 437–455. doi:10.1163/22941932-20170178. ISSN 0928-1541.
- ^ a b Jud, Nathan A.; Nelson, Chris W.; Herrera, Fabiany (2016-02-10). "Fruits and wood of Parinari from the early Miocene of Panama and the fossil record of Chrysobalanaceae". American Journal of Botany. 103 (2): 277–289. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500425. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 26865122.
- ^ Rodríguez-Reyes, Oris; Gasson, Peter; Falcon-Lang, Howard J.; Collinson, Margaret E. (November 2017). "Fossil legume woods of the Prioria-clade (subfamily Detarioideae) from the lower Miocene (early to mid-Burdigalian) part of the Cucaracha Formation of Panama (Central America) and their systematic and palaeoecological implications". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 246: 44–61. Bibcode:2017RPaPa.246...44R. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.06.005.
- ^ Jud, Nathan A.; Nelson, Chris W. (May 2017). "A liana from the lower Miocene of Panama and the fossil record of Connaraceae". American Journal of Botany. 104 (5): 685–693. doi:10.3732/ajb.1700080. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 28500228.
Bibliography
- Kirby, Michael Xavier; Jones, Douglas S.; MacFadden, Bruce J. (2008), "Lower Miocene Stratigraphy along the Panama Canal and Its Bearing on the Central American Peninsula", PLoS ONE, 3 (7): 1–14, Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2791K, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002791, PMC 2464738, PMID 18665219
- Stewart, R.H.; Stewart, J.L.; Woodring, W.P. (1980), Geologic Map of the Panama Canal and Vicinity (PDF), USGS, p. 1, retrieved 2019-02-09
- Woodring, W.P (1957), Geology and Paleontology of Canal Zone and Adjoining Parts of Panama - 306A Geology and description of Tertiary mollusks (Gastropods: Trochidae to Turritellidae) (PDF), USGS, pp. 1–186, retrieved 2019-02-09