Species of bird
Banggai crow |
|
C. unicolor in Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia |
Conservation status |
Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1] |
Scientific classification |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Corvidae |
Genus: | Corvus |
Species: | C. unicolor |
Binomial name |
Corvus unicolor |
Synonyms |
Corvus enca unicolor Gazzola unicolor |
The Banggai crow (Corvus unicolor) is a member of the crow family from Banggai regency in the province of Central Sulawesi in Indonesia. It is listed as critically endangered by IUCN.[1] It was feared extinct, but was finally rediscovered during surveys on Peleng Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi by Indonesian ornithologist Mochamad Indrawan in 2007 and 2008.
It was sometimes considered a subspecies of the slender-billed crow, but it is actually rather distinct from this bird, resembling an entirely black piping crow overall. The Banggai crow is a small crow, some 39 cm (15 in) long and completely black with a pale iris and a short tail.[2]
For more than a century, it was known from only two specimens taken from an unknown island in the Banggai Archipelago - probably in 1884/1885. Visits to the archipelago in 1991 and 1996 yielded no unequivocal records of the species, leading some to believe it was extinct. During a survey conducted between 2007 and 2008 and partially financed by the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (Germany), it was repeatedly seen on Peleng Island[3] and Indonesian ornithologist Mochamad Indrawan caught and photographed two individuals.[4] The validity of the crows on Peleng was not recognized by BirdLife International in its 2009 Red List. Confirmation of the identity based on two specimens from Peleng was made by Pamela C. Rasmussen of the American Museum of Natural History in October 2009.
The total population is estimated at approximately 500 mature individuals, living in mountain forest at altitudes above 500 m (1,600 ft).[3] The decline of the Banggai crow is thought to be primarily due to habitat loss and degradation through agriculture and extraction.
This bird remained a complete enigma for a long time. Listed as Vulnerable in the 1994 IUCN Red List, it was changed to Endangered in 2000. In 2006, the status was considered as Possibly Extinct. This proved to be incorrect and the status was corrected to Critically Endangered in the 2007 Red List.[5][1]
- ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. "Corvus unicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22705953A125525069. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22705953A117650134.en. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
- ^ Vaurie (1958), Madge & Burn (1994).
- ^ a b Association for the Conservation of Threatened Parrots
- ^ ZGAP Mitteilungen 23/2 (2008), pp. 13-14 (German)
- ^ See Collar et al. (2001), BirdLife International (2004, 2007a,b).
References
- Association for the Conservation of Threatened Parrots. Status and biology of the Banggai Crow (Corvus unicolor) Accessed 24-10-2009
- BirdLife International (2009): Banggai Crow - BirdLife Species Factsheet. Retrieved 2009-JUN-19.
- Collar, Nigel J.; Andreev, A. V.; Chan, S.; Crosby, M. J.; Subramanya, S. & Tobias, J. A. (eds.) (2001): Banggai Crow. In: Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book: 2415–2416. BirdLife International. ISBN 0-946888-44-2 HTML fulltext
- Madge, Steve & Burn, Hilary (1994): Crows and jays: a guide to the crows, jays and magpies of the world. A&C Black, London. ISBN 0-7136-3999-7
- Vaurie, Charles (1958): Remarks on some Corvidae of Indo-Malaya and the Australian region. American Museum Novitates 1915: 1-13. PDF fulltext
- Steve Madge & John Marzluff: Family Corvidae (Crows and Allies) In: Del Hoyo et al. (2009) Handbook of the Birds of World Volume 14 (with the first ever photograph of a living specimen)
- Goodwin, Derek (1976): Crows of the World
External links
- Rare Crow, Thought Extinct, Is Rediscovered
|
|
---|
Choughs | Pyrrhocorax | - Alpine chough (P. graculus)
- Red-billed chough (P. pyrrhocorax)
|
---|
|
---|
Treepies | Crypsirina | - Hooded treepie (C. cucullata)
- Black racket-tailed treepie (C. temia)
|
---|
Dendrocitta | - Andaman treepie (D. bayleyi)
- Bornean treepie (D. cinerascens)
- Grey treepie (D. formosae)
- Black-faced treepie (D. frontalis)
- White-bellied treepie (D. leucogastra)
- Sumatran treepie (D. occipitalis)
- Rufous treepie (D. vagabunda)
|
---|
Platysmurus | - Malayan black magpie (P. leucopterus)
- Bornean black magpie (P. aterrimus)
|
---|
Temnurus | - Ratchet-tailed treepie (T. temnurus)
|
---|
|
---|
Oriental magpies | Cissa | - Common green magpie (C. chinensis)
- Indochinese green magpie (C. hypoleuca)
- Bornean green magpie (C. jefferyi)
- Javan green magpie (C. thalassina)
|
---|
Urocissa | - Taiwan blue magpie (U. caerulea)
- Red-billed blue magpie (U. erythrorhyncha)
- Yellow-billed blue magpie (U. flavirostris)
- Sri Lanka blue magpie (U. ornata)
- White-winged magpie (U. whiteheadi)
|
---|
|
---|
Old World jays | Garrulus | - Eurasian jay (G. glandarius)
- Lanceolated jay (G. lanceolatus)
- Lidth's jay (G. lidthi)
|
---|
Podoces (Ground jays) | - Xinjiang ground jay (P. biddulphi)
- Mongolian ground jay (P. hendersoni)
- Turkestan ground jay (P. panderi)
- Iranian ground jay (P. pleskei)
|
---|
Ptilostomus | |
---|
|
---|
Stresemann's bushcrow | Zavattariornis | - Stresemann's bushcrow (Z. stresemanni)
|
---|
|
---|
|
|
|
---|
Nutcrackers | Nucifraga | - Spotted nutcracker (N. caryocatactes)
- Clark's nutcracker (N. columbiana)
- Kashmir nutcracker (N. multipunctata)
|
---|
|
---|
Holarctic magpies | Pica | - Black-billed magpie (P. hudsonia)
- Yellow-billed magpie (P. nuttalli)
- Eurasian magpie (P. pica)
- Oriental magpie (P. sericea)
- Maghreb magpie (P. mauritanica)
- Asir magpie (P. asirensis)
- Black-rumped magpie (P. bottanensis)
|
---|
|
---|
True crows | Corvus | - Australian and Melanesian species
- Little crow (C. bennetti)
- Australian raven (C. coronoides)
- Bismarck crow (C. insularis)
- Brown-headed crow (C. fuscicapillus)
- Bougainville crow (C. meeki)
- Little raven (C. mellori)
- New Caledonian crow (C. moneduloides)
- Torresian crow (C. orru)
- Forest raven (C. tasmanicus)
- Grey crow (C. tristis)
- Long-billed crow (C. validus)
- White-billed crow (C. woodfordi)
- Pacific island species
- Hawaiian crow (C. hawaiiensis)
- Mariana crow (C. kubaryi)
- Tropical Asian species
- Slender-billed crow (C. enca)
- Small crow (C. samarensis)
- Palawan crow (C. pusillus)
- Flores crow (C. florensis)
- Large-billed crow (C. macrorhynchos)
- Eastern jungle crow (C. levaillantii)
- Indian jungle crow (C. culminatus)
- House crow (C. splendens)
- Collared crow (C. torquatus)
- Piping crow (C. typicus)
- Banggai crow (C. unicolor)
- Violet crow (C. violaceus)
- Eurasian and North African species
- Mesopotamian crow (C. capellanus)
- Hooded crow (C. cornix)
- Carrion crow (C. corone)
- Rook (C. frugilegus)
- Eastern carrion crow (C. orientalis)
- Fan-tailed raven (C. rhipidurus)
- Brown-necked raven (C. ruficollis)
- Holarctic species
- Common raven (C. corax)
- North and Central American species
- American crow (C. brachyrhynchos)
- Chihuahuan raven (C. cryptoleucus)
- Tamaulipas crow (C. imparatus)
- Jamaican crow (C. jamaicensis)
- White-necked crow (C. leucognaphalus)
- Cuban palm crow (C. minutus)
- Cuban crow (C. nasicus)
- Fish crow (C. ossifragus)
- Hispaniolan palm crow (C. palmarum)
- Sinaloan crow (C. sinaloae)
- Tropical African species
- White-necked raven (C. albicollis)
- Pied crow (C. albus)
- Cape crow (C. capensis)
- Thick-billed raven (C. crassirostris)
- Somali crow (C. edithae)
|
---|
|
---|
Jackdaws | |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Azure-winged magpies | Cyanopica | - Iberian magpie (C. cooki)
- Azure-winged magpie (C. cyanus)
|
---|
|
---|
Grey jays | Perisoreus | - Canada jay (P. canadensis)
- Siberian jay (P. infaustus)
- Sichuan jay (P. internigrans)
|
---|
|
---|
New World jays | Aphelocoma (Scrub jays) | - California scrub jay (A. californica)
- Island scrub jay (A. insularis)
- Woodhouse's scrub jay (A. woodhouseii)
- Florida scrub jay (A. coerulescens)
- Transvolcanic jay (A. ultramarina)
- Unicolored jay (A. unicolor)
- Mexican jay (A. wollweberi)
|
---|
Calocitta (Magpie-Jays) | - Black-throated magpie-jay (C. colliei)
- White-throated Magpie-jay (C. formosa)
|
---|
Cyanocitta | - Blue jay (C. cristata)
- Steller's jay (C. stelleri)
|
---|
Cyanocorax | - Black-chested jay (C. affinis)
- Purplish-backed jay (C. beecheii)
- Azure jay (C. caeruleus)
- Cayenne jay (C. cayanus)
- Plush-crested jay (C. chrysops)
- Curl-crested jay (C. cristatellus)
- Purplish jay (C. cyanomelas)
- White-naped jay (C. cyanopogon)
- Tufted jay (C. dickeyi)
- Azure-naped jay (C. heilprini)
- Bushy-crested jay (C. melanocyaneus)
- Brown jay (C. morio)
- White-tailed jay (C. mystacalis)
- San Blas jay (C. sanblasianus)
- Violaceous jay (C. violaceus)
- Green jay (C. ynca)
- Yucatan jay (C. yucatanicus)
|
---|
Cyanolyca | - Silvery-throated jay (C. argentigula)
- Black-collared jay (C. armillata)
- Azure-hooded jay (C. cucullata)
- White-throated jay (C. mirabilis)
- Dwarf jay (C. nana)
- Beautiful jay (C. pulchra)
- Black-throated jay (C. pumilo)
- Turquoise jay (C. turcosa)
- White-collared jay (C. viridicyana)
|
---|
Gymnorhinus | - Pinyon jay (G. cyanocephalus)
|
---|
|
---|
|
|
Taxon identifiers |
---|
Corvus unicolor | |
---|