Aporosa
Aporosa | |
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Aporosa cardiosperma | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Phyllanthaceae |
Subfamily: | Antidesmatoideae |
Tribe: | Scepeae |
Genus: | Aporosa Blume |
Synonyms[1] | |
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Aporosa is a genus of flowering plant belonging to the family Phyllanthaceae, first described as a genus in 1825.[4] It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and Queensland.[1][5][6][7]
When the genus was erected by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1825, he used the spelling Aporosa but in a publication the next year he used the spelling Aporusa and some publications and Airy Shaw in 1966 argued that the second spelling was preferred due to common usage. However the original spelling has been preferred according to the botanical code.[8]
These plants are mostly dioecious trees or shrubs.[9] Four species (A. hermaphrodita, A. heterodoxa, A. brevicaudata, and A. egreria) have consistently bisexual flowers, although they may be functionally dioecious.[10] The seeds have brightly colored arils that are attractive to birds, which disperse the seeds.[3]
Based on fossil evidence, the genus has been hypothesized as having its origins in the Indian Subcontinent from where it may have dispersed into Southeast Asia.[11]
There are about 80 species.[3]
- Species[1]
- Aporosa acuminata - SW India, Sri Lanka
- Aporosa alia - Borneo
- Aporosa annulata - New Guinea, Bismarcks
- Aporosa antennifera - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
- Aporosa arborea - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Java, S Thailand
- Aporosa aurea - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
- Aporosa banahaensis - Philippines, Sabah
- Aporosa basilanensis - Borneo, Basilan
- Aporosa benthamiana - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Philippines
- Aporosa bourdillonii - Kerala
- Aporosa brassii - E New Guinea, Bismarcks
- Aporosa brevicaudata - New Guinea
- Aporosa bullatissima - Borneo
- Aporosa caloneura - Borneo
- Aporosa cardiosperma - W India, Sri Lanka
- Aporosa carrii - E New Guinea
- Aporosa chondroneura - Borneo
- Aporosa confusa - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
- Aporosa decipiens - New Guinea
- Aporosa dendroidea - Maluku
- Aporosa duthieana - Indochina
- Aporosa egregia - W New Guinea
- Aporosa elmeri - Borneo
- Aporosa falcifera - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Sulawesi, S Thailand
- Aporosa ficifolia - Mainland Southeast Asia
- Aporosa flexuosa - New Guinea
- Aporosa frutescens - Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
- Aporosa fulvovittata - Sabah
- Aporosa fusiformis - SW India, Sri Lanka
- Aporosa globifera - Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
- Aporosa grandistipula - Borneo, Sulawesi
- Aporosa granularis - Borneo
- Aporosa hermaphrodita - E New Guinea
- Aporosa heterodoxa - Bougainville I
- Aporosa illustris - Borneo
- Aporosa lagenocarpa - Borneo
- Aporosa lamellata - New Guinea
- Aporosa lanceolata - Sri Lanka
- Aporosa latifolia - Sri Lanka
- Aporosa laxiflora - E New Guinea, Bismarcks
- Aporosa ledermanniana - New Guinea, Bismarcks, Louisiades
- Aporosa leptochrysandra - New Guinea
- Aporosa leytensis - Philippines, Sulawesi
- Aporosa longicaudata - New Guinea
- Aporosa lucida - Malaysia, Indonesia
- Aporosa lunata - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Java, S Thailand
- Aporosa macrophylla - Myanmar
- Aporosa maingayi - W Malaysia
- Aporosa microstachya - W Malaysia, Java, S Thailand, S Myanmar
- Aporosa misimana - E New Guinea
- Aporosa nervosa - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
- Aporosa nigricans - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
- Aporosa nigropunctata - New Guinea
- Aporosa nitida - Borneo
- Aporosa octandra - S China, SE Asia, New Guinea, Queensland
- Aporosa papuana - New Guinea, Bismarcks, Solomons
- Aporosa parvula - W New Guinea
- Aporosa penangensis - W Malaysia, S Thailand
- Aporosa planchoniana - Mainland Southeast Asia
- Aporosa praegrandifolia - New Guinea
- Aporosa prainiana - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
- Aporosa pseudoficifolia - W Malaysia, S Thailand, S Myanmar
- Aporosa quadrilocularis - Kedah, Sumatra
- Aporosa reticulata - E New Guinea
- Aporosa rhacostyla - Sarawak
- Aporosa sarawakensis - Borneo
- Aporosa sclerophylla - E New Guinea
- Aporosa selangorica - W Malaysia
- Aporosa serrata - Laos, N Thailand
- Aporosa sphaeridiophora - Philippines, Java
- Aporosa stellifera - Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
- Aporosa stenostachys - Sarawak
- Aporosa subcaudata - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
- Aporosa sylvestri - Sarawak
- Aporosa symplocifolia - Philippines
- Aporosa symplocoides - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
- Aporosa tetrapleura - Cambodia, Vietnam
- Aporosa vagans - New Guinea to Admiralty Is
- Aporosa villosa - Southeast Asia, Andaman & Nicobar
- Aporosa wallichii - Assam, Bangladesh, Indochina
- Aporosa whitmorei - Sumatra, W Malaysia
- Aporosa yunnanensis - Indochina, S China, Assam
- formerly included[1]
moved to other genera: Antidesma Baccaurea Drypetes Shirakiopsis
- A. bilitonensis - Baccaurea minor
- A. calocarpa - Drypetes longifolia
- A. dolichocarpa - Baccaurea javanica
- A. griffithii - Antidesma coriaceum
- A. inaequalis - Drypetes leonensis
- A. somalensis - Shirakiopsis elliptica
References
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Tropicos, Aporusa Blume
- ^ a b c Debski, I., et al. (2002). Habitat preferences of Aporosa in two Malaysian forests: implications for abundance and coexistence. Ecology, 83(7), 2005-2018.
- ^ Blume, Carl Ludwig von. 1825. Flora Javae 1: vi
- ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Schot, A.M. (2004). Systematics of Aporosa (Euphorbiaceae). Blumea. Supplement 17: 1-381.
- ^ Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 215 银柴属 yin chai shu Aporosa Blume, Bijdr. 514. 1825.
- ^ Schot, Anne M. (1995). "A synopsis of taxonomic changes in Aporosa Blume (Euphorbiaceae)" (PDF). Blume. 40: 449–460.
- ^ Debski, Igor; Burslem, David F. R. P.; Palmiotto, Peter A.; Lafrankie, James V.; Lee, H. S.; Manokaran, N. (2002). "Habitat Preferences of Aporosa in Two Malaysian Forests: Implications for Abundance and Coexistence". Ecology. 83 (7): 2005. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2005:HPOAIT]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0012-9658.
- ^ Wurdack, Kenneth J.; Hoffmann, Petra; Samuel, Rosabelle; Bruijn, Anette; Bank, Michelle; Chase, Mark W. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Phyllanthaceae (Phyllanthoideae pro parte, Euphorbiaceae sensu lato) using plastid RBCL DNA sequences". American Journal of Botany. 91 (11): 1882–1900. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.11.1882. PMID 21652335.
- ^ Shukla, Anumeha; Mehrotra, Rakesh C.; Spicer, Robert A.; Spicer, Teresa E.V. (2016). "Aporosa Blume from the paleoequatorial rainforest of Bikaner, India: Its evolution and diversification in deep time". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 232: 14–21. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.05.006.